The Return: Midnight Chapter 16

â€Å"Once upon a time,†began Bonnie, â€Å"there were a young girl and boy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She was immediately interrupted. â€Å"What were their names?†Ã¢â‚¬ Were they slaves?†Ã¢â‚¬ Where did they live?†Ã¢â‚¬ Were they vampires?† Bonnie almost forgot her misery and laughed. â€Å"Their names were†¦Jack and†¦Jil . They were kitsune, and they lived way up north in the kitsune sector around the Great Crossings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ And she proceeded, albeit with many excited interruptions, to tel the story she had gotten from the star bal . â€Å"So,†Bonnie concluded nervously, as she opened her eyes and realized that she'd attracted quite a crowd with her story, â€Å"that's the tale of the Seven Treasures, and – and I suppose the moral is – don't be too greedy, or you won't end up with anything.† There was a lot of laughter, the nervous giggling of the girls and the â€Å"Haw! Haw haw!†kind of laughter from the crowd behind them. Which Bonnie now noticed was entirely male. One part of her mind started unconsciously to go into flirt mode. Another part immediately squashed it. These weren't boys looking for a dance; these were ogres and vampires and kitsune and even men with mustaches – and they wanted to buy her in her little black bubble dress, and as nice as the dress might be for some things, it wasn't like the long, jeweled gowns that Lady Ulma had made for them. Then they had been princesses, wearing a fortune's worth of jewels at their throats and wrists and hair – and besides, they had had fierce protection with them at al times. But now, she was wearing something that felt a lot like a baby-dol nightgown and delicate little shoes with silvery bows. And she wasn't protected because this society said you had to have men to be protected, and, worst of al †¦she was a slave. â€Å"I wonder,†said a golden-haired man, moving through the girls around her, al of whom hurried out of his way except Mouse and Eren, â€Å"I wonder if you would go upstairs with me and perhaps tel me a story – in private.† Bonnie tried to swal ow her gasp. Now she was the one hanging on to Mouse and Eren. â€Å"Al such requests must go through me. No one is to take a girl out of the room unless I approve,†announced a woman in a ful -length dress, with a sympathetic, almost Madonna-like face. â€Å"That wil be treated as theft of my mistress's property. And I'm sure we don't al want to be arrested as if we'd been caught carrying off the silverware,†she said and laughed lightly. There was equal y light laughter among the guests as Well, and movement toward the woman – at a sort of mannerly run. â€Å"You tel real y good stories,†Mouse said in her soft voice. â€Å"It's more fun than using a star bal .† â€Å"Mouse, here, is right,†Eren said, grinning. â€Å"You do tel good stories. I wonder if that place real y exists.† â€Å"Well, I got it out of a star bal ,†Bonnie said. â€Å"One that the girl – um, Jil , put her memories in, I think – but then how did it get out of that tower? How did she know what happened to Jack? And I read a story about a giant dragon and that felt real too. How do they do it?† â€Å"Oh, they trick you,†Eren said, waving a dismissive hand. â€Å"They have somebody go someplace cold for the scenery – an ogre probably, because of the weather.† Bonnie nodded. She'd met mauve-skinned ogres before. They only differed from demons in their level of stupidity. At this level, they tended to be stupid in society, and she'd heard Damon say with a curled lip that the ones that were out of society were hired muscle. Thugs. â€Å"And the rest they just fake somehow – I don't know. Never real y thought about it.†Eren looked up at Bonnie. â€Å"You're an odd one, aren't you, Bonny?† â€Å"Am I?†Bonnie asked. She and the two other girls had revolved, without letting go of hands. This meant that there was some space behind Bonnie. She didn't like that. But, then, she didn't like anything about being a slave. She was starting to hyperventilate. She wanted Meredith. She wanted Elena. She wanted out of here. â€Å"Um, you guys probably don't want to associate with me anymore,†she said uncomfortably. â€Å"Huh?†said Eren. â€Å"Why?†asked Mouse. â€Å"Because I'm running through that door. I have to get out. I have to.† â€Å"Kid, calm down,†Eren said. â€Å"Just keep breathing.† â€Å"No, you don't understand.†Bonnie put her head down, to shade out some of the world. â€Å"I can't belong to somebody. I'm going crazy.† â€Å"Sh, Bonny, they're – â€Å" â€Å"I can't stay here,†Bonnie burst out. â€Å"Well, that's probably al to the good,†a terrible voice, right in front of her, said. No! Oh, God. No, no, no, no, no! â€Å"When we're in a new business we work hard,†the Madonna-like woman's voice said. â€Å"We look up at prospective customers. We don't misbehave or we are punished.†And even though her voice was sweet as pecan pie, Bonnie somehow knew that the harsh voice in the night shouting at them to find a pal et and stay on it, had been this same woman. And now there was a strong hand under her chin and Bonnie couldn't keep it from forcing her head up, or from covering her mouth when she screamed. In front of her, with the delicate pointed ears of a fox, and the long sweeping black tail of a fox but otherwise looking human, looking like a regular guy wearing jeans and a sweater, was Shinichi. And in his golden eyes she could see, twisting and turning, a little scarlet flame that just matched the red on the tip of his tail and the hair that fel across his forehead. Shinichi. He was here. Of course he could travel through the dimensions; he Stillhad a ful star bal that none of Elena's group had ever found as well as those magical keys Elena had told Bonnie about. Bonnie remembered the horrible night when trees, actual trees, had turned into something that could understand and obey him. About how four of them each grabbed one of her arms and legs and pul ed, as if they were planning to pul her apart. She could feel tears leaking out behind her shut eyelids. And the Old Wood. He'd control ed every aspect of it, every creeper to trip you, every tree to fal in front of your car. Until Elena had blasted al but that one thicket of the Old Wood, it had been ful of terrifying insect-like creatures Stefan cal ed malach. But now Bonnie's hands were behind her back and she heard something fasten with a very final-sounding click. No†¦oh, please no†¦ But her hands were definitely fixed in place. And then someone – an ogre or a vampire – picked her up as the lovely woman gave Shinichi a smal key off a key ring ful of identical keys. Shinichi handed this to a big ogre whose fingers were so large that they eclipsed it. And then Bonnie, who was screaming, was quickly whisked up four flights of stairs and a heavy door thunked shut behind her. The ogre carrying her fol owed Shinichi, whose sleek scarlet-tipped tail swung jauntily from a hole in his jeans, back and forth, back and forth. Bonnie thought: That's satisfaction. He thinks he's won this already. But unless Damon real y had forgotten her completely, he would hurt Shinichi for this. Maybe he would kil him. It was an oddly comforting thought. It was even ro – No, it's not romantic, you nitwit! You have to find a way to get out of this mess! Death is not romantic, it's horrible! They had reached the final doors at the end of the hal . Shinichi turned right and walked al the way down a long corridor. There the ogre used the key to open a door. The room had an adjustable overhead gaslight. It was dim but Shinichi said, â€Å"Can we have a little il umination, please?†in a false polite voice, and the other ogre hurried and turned the light up to interrogation-lamp-in-your-face level. The room was a sort of bedroom-den combination, the kind you'd get at a decent hotel. It had a couch and some chairs on the upper level. There was a window, closed, on the left side of the room. There was also a window on the right side of the room, where al the other rooms should be in a line. This window had no curtains or blinds that could be drawn and it reflected Bonnie's pale face back at her. She knew at once what it was, a two-way mirror, so that people in the room behind it could see into this room but not be seen. The couch and chairs were positioned to face it. Beyond the sitting room, off to her left, was the bed. It wasn't a very fancy bed, just white covers that looked pink, because there was a real window on that side that was almost in a line with the sun, sitting as it always was, on the horizon. Right now, Bonnie hated it more than ever before because it turned every light-colored object in the room pink, rose, or outright red. The bow at her own bodice was deep pink now. She was going to die saturated with the color of blood. Something on some deeper level told her that her mind was thinking of such things as distractions, that even thinking about hating to die in such a juvenile color was running away from the bit in the middle, the dying bit. But the ogre holding her moved her around as if she weighed nothing, and Bonnie kept having little thoughts – were they premonitions? Oh, God, let them not be premonitions! – about going out of that red window in a sitting position, the glass no impediment to her body being thrown at a tremendous force. And how many stories up were they? High enough, anyway, that there was no hope of landing without†¦Well, dying. Shinichi smiled, lounging by the red window, playing with the cord to the blinds. â€Å"I don't even know what you want from me!†Bonnie found herself saying to Shinichi. â€Å"I've never been able to hurt you. It was you hurting other people – like me! – al the time.† â€Å"Well, there were your friends,†murmured Shinichi. â€Å"Although I seldom wreak my dread revenge against lovely young women with red-gold hair.†He lounged beside the window and examined her, murmuring, â€Å"Hair of red-gold; heart true and bold. Perhaps a scold†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie felt like screaming. Didn't he remember her? He certainly seemed to have remembered their group, since he'd mentioned revenge. â€Å"What do you want?†she gasped. â€Å"You are a hindrance, I'm afraid. And I find you very suspicious – and delicious. Young women with red-gold hair are always so elusive.† Bonnie couldn't find anything to say. From everything she'd seen, Shinichi was a nutcase. But a very dangerous psychopathic nutcase. And al he enjoyed was destroying things. In just one moment there could be a crash through the window – and then she'd be sitting on air. And then the fal would begin. What would that feel like? Or would she already be fal ing? She only hoped that at the bottom it was quick. â€Å"You seem to have learned a lot about my people,†Shinichi said. â€Å"More than most.† â€Å"Please,†Bonnie said desperately. â€Å"If it's about the story – al I know about kitsune is that you're destroying my town. And – â€Å"She stopped short, realizing that she could never let him know what had happened in her out-of-body experience. So she could never mention the jars or he'd know that they knew how to catch him. â€Å"And you won't stop,†she finished lamely. â€Å"And yet you found an ancient star bal with stories about our legendary treasures.† â€Å"About what? You mean from that kiddy star bal ? Look, if you'l just leave me alone I'l give it to you.†She knew exactly where she'd left it, too, right beside her sorry excuse for a pil ow. â€Å"Oh, we'l leave you alone†¦in time, I assure you,†Shinichi said with an unnerving smile. He had a smile like Damon's, which wasn't meant to say â€Å"Hel o; I won't hurt you.†It was more like â€Å"Hul o! Here's my lunch!† â€Å"I find it†¦curious,†Shinichi went on, Stillfiddling with the cord. â€Å"Very curious that just in the middle of our little dispute, you arrive here in the Dark Dimension again, alone, apparently without fear, and manage to bargain for a star bal . An orb that just happens to detail the location of our most priceless treasures that were stolen from us†¦a long, long time ago.† You don't care about anybody but yourself, Bonnie thought. You're suddenly acting al patriotic and stuff, but in Fel ‘s Church you didn't pretend to care about anything but hurting people. â€Å"In your little town, as in other towns throughout history, I had orders to do what I did,†Shinichi said, and Bonnie's heart plunged right down to her shoes. He was telepathic. He knew what she was thinking. He'd heard her thinking about the jars. Shinichi smirked. â€Å"Little towns like the one on Unmei no Shima have to be wiped off the face of the earth,†he said. â€Å"Did you see the number of ley lines of Power under it?†Another smirk. â€Å"But of course you weren't really there, so you probably didn't.† â€Å"If you can tel what I'm thinking, you know that story about treasures was just a story,†Bonnie said. â€Å"It was in the star bal cal ed Five Hundred Stories for Young Ones. It's not real.† â€Å"How strange then that it coincides so exactly with what the Seven Kitsune Gates are supposed to have behind them.† â€Å"It was in the middle of a bunch of stories about the – the Dz-Aht-Bhi'iens. I mean the story right before it was about a kid buying candy,†Bonnie said. â€Å"So why don't you just go get the star bal instead of trying to scare me?†Her voice was beginning to tremble. â€Å"It's at the inn right across the street from the shop where I was – arrested. Just go and get it!† â€Å"Of course we've tried that,†Shinichi said impatiently. â€Å"The landlady was quite cooperative after we gave her some†¦compensation. There is no such story in that star bal .† â€Å"That's not possible!†Bonnie said. â€Å"Where did I get it, then?† â€Å"That's what I'm asking you.† Stomach fluttering, Bonnie said, â€Å"How many star bal s did you look at in that brown room?† Shinichi's eyes went blurry briefly. Bonnie tried to listen, but he was obviously speaking telepathical y to someone close, on a tight frequency. Final y he said, â€Å"Twenty-eight star bal s, exactly.† Bonnie felt as if she'd been clubbed. She wasn't going crazy – she wasn't. She'd experienced that story. She knew every fissure in every rock, every shadow in the snow. The only answers were that the real star bal had been stolen, or – or maybe that they hadn't looked hard enough at the ones they had. â€Å"The story is there,†she insisted. â€Å"Right before it is the story about little Marit going to a – â€Å" â€Å"We probed the table of contents. There is the story about a child and† – he looked scornful – â€Å"a sweetshop. But not the other.† Bonnie just shook her head. â€Å"I swear I'm tel ing the truth.† â€Å"Why should I believe you?† â€Å"Why does it matter? How could I make something like that up? And why would I tel a story I knew would get me in trouble? It doesn't make any sense.† Shinichi stared at her hard. Then he shrugged, his ears flat against his head. â€Å"What a pity you keep saying that.† Suddenly Bonnie's heart was pounding in her chest, in her tight throat. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because,†Shinichi said cool y, pul ing the blinds completely open so that Bonnie was abruptly drenched in the color of fresh blood, â€Å"I'm afraid that now we have to kil you.† The ogre holding her strode toward the window. Bonnie screamed. In places like this, she knew screams went unheard. She didn't know what else to do.

Lies My Teacher Told Me Essay

There is a common expression that a lot of us have heard at least one time â€Å"don’t believe everything you read†, just because a book is written and published does not mean is always accurate. True historical facts can easily be transformed by adding or taking away details in order to see it only from a certain perspective. The textbooks in history classrooms represent many different groups from the perspective of one group, usually European. Loewen explores the topic of why students dislike history classes. He also discusses the idea that much of what students learn in American history classes, is wrong and that there are many omissions. He challenges the Public School system mostly in regards on how history is taught in high school classrooms. American history books wish to paint the United States as the best country, almost to the point where they make it seem that it doesn’t have any flaws. A lot of books used to teach history in high school neglect to include the entire information on events that formed the United States. Reading some essays from the book Lies My Teachers Told Me helped me open my eyes and see how wrong history is taught in high school; we as citizens need to do the proper research and spread the knowledge among peers to create socially aware generations. Most of the time American history isolates children of color by ignoring the fact that many of the people who contributed greatly to this country were non-white. In a sense, one can say that this contributes to the majority of high school students thinking of white as superior to other races. They think that no other races made great contributions in building this nation. This mentality can be seen as an immediate effect of history classes omitting details about other races major contributions to the country. According to Loewen most students also see history as a boring subject, this is because history is made up of nothing but stories that shouldn’t be boring but textbooks companies have left out anything that â€Å"might reflect badly upon our national character†(Loewen). The case of John Brown is a good example of something that might reflect badly to our national character. He was an American abolitionist who believed armed revolution was the only way to overthrow slavery in the United States. The name John Brown was never mentioned in any of my history classes. After learning about John Brown, my perspective of things changed and it made me see that the people who are responsible for putting the books in high school classrooms, are trying to keep students at a margin in which nobody can learn anything about rebels who used violence to make a statement about inequalities lived in the United States. Omitting this historical fact from books and not permitting teachers to give students the knowledge about John Brown makes it seem that they want to keep people under control and avoid some kind of revolution. That is because, until these days there is a lot of inequalities but seems like everybody just goes along with their life and overlook many inequalities that are going on in our nation and the world. The study of history in high school is mostly all about facts and dates. Students find this to be irrelevant and have a difficult time to make the connection between history to their daily lives. Therefore, making history really boring and the material presented does not really challenge any student to think critically and analyze history. The topic of social class is never touched in high school, which is something that everybody relates to. The issues seen in â€Å"The Land of Opportunity† can make a lot of people gain instant and undivided attention because we can actually relate to it. It makes you analyze how we live and that is something that affects our daily lives. In high school most students are fed the idea that everybody has an equal chance to achieve success through education, but there is an inequality that puts people of higher social status in an advantage to achieve better scores in tests given in high school. Even without coaching, affluent children are advantaged because their background is similar to that of the test makers†(Loewen,208). It is important for students and people to know that equal opportunity it’s just a phrase that has been propagated by white people. People of color in this country have never had an equal chance to thrive the way white people have. History classes in high schools lead students to believe that everything is okay, so students are not troubled. This view of history holds the American idea of individualism rather than looking at the many factors that affected lack of equal opportunity. High school history courses make us believe that equal opportunity was and is an option for all when the reality is very different. A lot students and people still do not know this, it is important to spread this kind of knowledge among people we know in an attempt to make them socially aware. If it doesn’t enforce an immediate change, at least an idea is established and they eventually can look into it when they realize that, in fact the world is not always fair to minorities. By students understanding this, it would make it easier to make a change and achieve many of their goals. Textbooks ignore many historical realities for a variety of reasons. One of the main reasons is that publishers believe that students must develop a sense of nationalism or patriotism towards the United States. To acknowledge troubling areas in our nation’s history is to run the risk that patriotism is not going to be developed. They distort events and avoid conflict that might spark up some type of controversy. This causes students to fail in engaging and analyze information and draw their own conclusion about the credibility and cause and effect of the events being presented. Instead, students have to memorize the standard information given, which is often times is wrong and manipulated. This wrong information builds around them without students actually making a critical analysis or whether the information is true or not. All the important issues that we don’t learn in class makes me think as a citizen to do my own research and learn the facts about any issues. Not only in regards of history but also in situations that are going on in different parts of the world. Because the fault for our misinformation is not entirely from publishers who need to sell books or interest groups that prefer myth to reality, each of us who learned this myths and believes them as untouchable are also to blame. We need to change this and speak about it to the people we know in order to create socially aware generations, by just speaking to some people it can create a chain reaction and eventually more citizens are going to be informed. By spreading the knowledge a lot of change can come, the change might not be immediate but if we are not actors we will never be factors.

Friedman Family Assessment

Friedman Family Assessment Friedman Family Assessment A nursing assessment of a family is the basis of nursing interventions. Stanhope And Lancaster (2008) state, â€Å"By using a systemic process, family problem areas are Identified and family strengths are emphasized as the building blocks for interventions, and to facilitate family resiliency. (p. 567). This assessment will describe a family that finds themselves alone, after the death of their wife and mother, six months ago. For ML his wife, for CL his mother.This small family of two graciously agreed to be a part of my assessment, they were interviewed together and separately, multiple times. â€Å"Family refers to two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support. † (Stanhope & Lancaster, (2008) p. 554). Family Assessment Mode/Identifying Data This family is a small family of two. ML is the father, and CL is the son. They live in a three bedroom home, owned by ML IN Valrico, Florida. ML is a 46-year-old male, and CL is a 16-year-old male. ML and CL lost their wife and mother six months ago to breast cancer.They have both struggled ever since. ML is a welder and has worked for the same company for the past 20 years. After the death of his wife, he sold their home of twelve years and moved to Valrico, to â€Å"start over†. ML works from 7am to 7pm Monday through Friday. ML works hard and provides nicely for his son. He is gone most of the day, and into the evening. ML works as much over-time as possible. He stated â€Å"as long as I am working, I do not have to be home alone with my son, not because I do not love him, but because we both know what is missing†.ML drinks beer on the weekends, he admits it is getting heavier since his wife has passed away. Most evenings he does not cook at home, instead he brings home fast food or they eat frozen foods for dinner. Three months ago ML was diagnosed with Hypertension, Non-Insulin-Diabet es-Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, Anxiety and Depression. He has started treatment just recently for Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia all with Po meds and diet. He stated, â€Å"I do not need medications for the depression, my wife just died, who wouldn’t be depressed nd anxious†. CL is a 15-year-old boy, an only child, and lives with his father. CL has had a difficult time since his mother has died. ML and CL have no other family that lives close to them. Both of his grandparents live in New York, and are much older. CL states â€Å"Dad is doing the best he can, I worry about him, and he just does not know what to do. He is sad all of the time, and I just try and stay away from him† CL is home alone a lot of the time, before and after school. His grades have suffered, he feels sad and depressed most of the time.He has few friends since moving to this new home, and he isolates in front of the television or his Xbox. His diet is less than optimal, living on f rozen and fast foods daily, other than the meals he gets at school, breakfast and lunch. CL has stated that â€Å"he is scared and lonely† he has stated â€Å"Dad and I do not talk, we both are too sad†. I believe that both ML and CL are afraid of their feelings, afraid of what will happen if they start to talk, and they may not know how to communicate with each other, especially about their feelings regarding the death of their wife and mother.Both ML and CL have agreed to be my family for this assessment, they both admitted they needed help and that they are aware they need the help. Better than that, they both want the help. Developmental Stage According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) Duvall’s Developmental stages of the families â€Å"are based on the age of the eldest child† (p. 560). This family would fit into stage five. â€Å"Families with teenagers, oldest child 13-20 years old. Teenagers balance freedom with responsibility, establishing paren t interests and careers.Adolescents Parents focus on midlife marital and career issues, shift toward concern for older generation. Environmental Data This family lives in a three bedroom home, owned by ML, with 2 bathrooms, a family room and dining room. The house is clean, all appliances in good working order, I see no safety hazards, waste and garbage disposal is adequate. They have a nice back yard with a built in pool and patio, but it looks as though it has not been used. The family has just moved into this home, has lived there now for 3 months.It looks like a house, not a home. They live in a modest neighborhood, nice area of Valrico, with good schools, and a strong community. The family does not know any neighbors nor have they tried to get to know their neighbors. They have no idea of community resources; basically, they go to work and school, and stay home the rest of the time. Complete social isolation. Family Structure There is a strong need for these two family members to communicate with each other about their feelings of grief; they need to support each other and to stop isolating.They do not spend any time together, and when they are both home, they are in separate rooms. ML is very emotional when speaking about his wife and son, he feels he has failed his son, but does not know how to talk to him. CL is completely lost, not only is he dealing with the death of his mother, but he feels he has lost his father as well, along with the normal feelings of being a teenage boy. According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) â€Å"The two primary functions of families in the twenty first century are relationships and health care functions† (p. 555).This family is having difficulty with communicating, and sharing. They have lost a great deal and are not coping effectively Family Stress and Coping Currently the largest family stressor is anticipatory grieving on both family members. This leads to multiple stressors and ineffective coping mechanisms. T he strength and glue that held this family together is gone. ML has turned to alcohol to deal with his stress, and CL has isolated deeper. This beautiful family is in a downward spiral. Coping mechanisms need to be addressed, along with interventions to help this family. Family FunctionML believes all he can do right now is to provide for CL in monetary actions, house him, feed him, clothe him, and make sure he goes to school. He wants to be and do more, he is just unsure how at this time, he feels by providing financial survival, that is all he can do right now. This family is not functioning, there will be more dysfunction if this family cannot get the help that is needed, their issues are not chronic nor are they terminal. They need time and loving intervention, by friends, resources in their community, and by each other. Priority Family Nursing Diagnosis 1)The first nursing diagnosis for this family is; Ineffective, Individual Coping related to inadequate opportunity and time to prepare for the stressors of losing a loved one, and situational crisis as evidenced by using ineffective coping strategies, having physical symptoms of stress, and manifestations of negative behaviors to decrease stress. Family interventions will be to;* use effective coping strategies,* use behaviors toward self and others, *report decrease in physical symptoms of stress, *report increase in psychological and spiritual comfort,*seek help from a health care professional as appropriate.Within four months after seeking professional help. (2) The second nursing diagnoses for this family is; Anticipatory Grieving related to the death of a significant family member as evidenced by lack of communicating and discussing their feelings, ineffective feelings of expression with feelings of guilt, fear, anger, and sadness, anxiety, changes in appetite, decrease energy and isolation, for both family members.Family interventions will be to *Express appropriate feelings of guilt, fear, anger and sadness, with each other and self*Identify somatic distress associated with grief (anxiety, changes in appetite, insomnia, nightmares, decreased energy, and altered activity levels. Within four months of seeking professional treatment for both ML & CL. 3) The third nursing diagnosis for this family is; Altered Parenting related to deficient knowledge about parenting skills, poor communication skills, depression, and sadness, and changes in family unit as evidenced by inappropriate measures to maintain a safe, nurturing environment for the child, lack of attentive, supportive parenting behavior, and lack of child supervision. Interventions for this family would be*teach appropriate measures to develop a better, safer and nurturing home environment*acquire and display attentive, supportive parenting skills with positive adult behavior and positive and loving adult supervision.Conclusion This paper was developed to provide a family assessment and prioritized nursing diagnosis. Wit h the three main nursing diagnoses, nursing and family interventions were put in place. By using the Friedman Family Assessment, family challenges are recognized and the family strengths are highlighted as the ground work for interventions and foster family resilience. The assessment explored the family’s developmental stage, structure, composition and stressors. With this data, a nurse is able to prioritize family nursing diagnosis and analyze appropriate nursing interventions to assist with the progression of each diagnosis.According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) â€Å" Healthy and vital families are essential to the world’s future because all family members are affected by what their families have invested in them or failed to provide for their growth and well being. (p. 550).References Stanhope, M. , & Lancaster, J. (2012). Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community (8th ed. ). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Mosby. . Turnitin Or iginality Report Processed on 17-Apr-2012 1:12 AM CDT ID: 242763557 Word Count: 1647 Similarity Index 5% Similarity by Source Internet Sources: 5% Publications: 0% Student Papers: N/A Friedman Family Assessment Friedman Family Assessment Friedman Family Assessment A nursing assessment of a family is the basis of nursing interventions. Stanhope And Lancaster (2008) state, â€Å"By using a systemic process, family problem areas are Identified and family strengths are emphasized as the building blocks for interventions, and to facilitate family resiliency. (p. 567). This assessment will describe a family that finds themselves alone, after the death of their wife and mother, six months ago. For ML his wife, for CL his mother.This small family of two graciously agreed to be a part of my assessment, they were interviewed together and separately, multiple times. â€Å"Family refers to two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support. † (Stanhope & Lancaster, (2008) p. 554). Family Assessment Mode/Identifying Data This family is a small family of two. ML is the father, and CL is the son. They live in a three bedroom home, owned by ML IN Valrico, Florida. ML is a 46-year-old male, and CL is a 16-year-old male. ML and CL lost their wife and mother six months ago to breast cancer.They have both struggled ever since. ML is a welder and has worked for the same company for the past 20 years. After the death of his wife, he sold their home of twelve years and moved to Valrico, to â€Å"start over†. ML works from 7am to 7pm Monday through Friday. ML works hard and provides nicely for his son. He is gone most of the day, and into the evening. ML works as much over-time as possible. He stated â€Å"as long as I am working, I do not have to be home alone with my son, not because I do not love him, but because we both know what is missing†.ML drinks beer on the weekends, he admits it is getting heavier since his wife has passed away. Most evenings he does not cook at home, instead he brings home fast food or they eat frozen foods for dinner. Three months ago ML was diagnosed with Hypertension, Non-Insulin-Diabet es-Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, Anxiety and Depression. He has started treatment just recently for Hypertension, Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia all with Po meds and diet. He stated, â€Å"I do not need medications for the depression, my wife just died, who wouldn’t be depressed nd anxious†. CL is a 15-year-old boy, an only child, and lives with his father. CL has had a difficult time since his mother has died. ML and CL have no other family that lives close to them. Both of his grandparents live in New York, and are much older. CL states â€Å"Dad is doing the best he can, I worry about him, and he just does not know what to do. He is sad all of the time, and I just try and stay away from him† CL is home alone a lot of the time, before and after school. His grades have suffered, he feels sad and depressed most of the time.He has few friends since moving to this new home, and he isolates in front of the television or his Xbox. His diet is less than optimal, living on f rozen and fast foods daily, other than the meals he gets at school, breakfast and lunch. CL has stated that â€Å"he is scared and lonely† he has stated â€Å"Dad and I do not talk, we both are too sad†. I believe that both ML and CL are afraid of their feelings, afraid of what will happen if they start to talk, and they may not know how to communicate with each other, especially about their feelings regarding the death of their wife and mother.Both ML and CL have agreed to be my family for this assessment, they both admitted they needed help and that they are aware they need the help. Better than that, they both want the help. Developmental Stage According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) Duvall’s Developmental stages of the families â€Å"are based on the age of the eldest child† (p. 560). This family would fit into stage five. â€Å"Families with teenagers, oldest child 13-20 years old. Teenagers balance freedom with responsibility, establishing paren t interests and careers.Adolescents Parents focus on midlife marital and career issues, shift toward concern for older generation. Environmental Data This family lives in a three bedroom home, owned by ML, with 2 bathrooms, a family room and dining room. The house is clean, all appliances in good working order, I see no safety hazards, waste and garbage disposal is adequate. They have a nice back yard with a built in pool and patio, but it looks as though it has not been used. The family has just moved into this home, has lived there now for 3 months.It looks like a house, not a home. They live in a modest neighborhood, nice area of Valrico, with good schools, and a strong community. The family does not know any neighbors nor have they tried to get to know their neighbors. They have no idea of community resources; basically, they go to work and school, and stay home the rest of the time. Complete social isolation. Family Structure There is a strong need for these two family members to communicate with each other about their feelings of grief; they need to support each other and to stop isolating.They do not spend any time together, and when they are both home, they are in separate rooms. ML is very emotional when speaking about his wife and son, he feels he has failed his son, but does not know how to talk to him. CL is completely lost, not only is he dealing with the death of his mother, but he feels he has lost his father as well, along with the normal feelings of being a teenage boy. According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) â€Å"The two primary functions of families in the twenty first century are relationships and health care functions† (p. 555).This family is having difficulty with communicating, and sharing. They have lost a great deal and are not coping effectively Family Stress and Coping Currently the largest family stressor is anticipatory grieving on both family members. This leads to multiple stressors and ineffective coping mechanisms. T he strength and glue that held this family together is gone. ML has turned to alcohol to deal with his stress, and CL has isolated deeper. This beautiful family is in a downward spiral. Coping mechanisms need to be addressed, along with interventions to help this family. Family FunctionML believes all he can do right now is to provide for CL in monetary actions, house him, feed him, clothe him, and make sure he goes to school. He wants to be and do more, he is just unsure how at this time, he feels by providing financial survival, that is all he can do right now. This family is not functioning, there will be more dysfunction if this family cannot get the help that is needed, their issues are not chronic nor are they terminal. They need time and loving intervention, by friends, resources in their community, and by each other. Priority Family Nursing Diagnosis 1)The first nursing diagnosis for this family is; Ineffective, Individual Coping related to inadequate opportunity and time to prepare for the stressors of losing a loved one, and situational crisis as evidenced by using ineffective coping strategies, having physical symptoms of stress, and manifestations of negative behaviors to decrease stress. Family interventions will be to;* use effective coping strategies,* use behaviors toward self and others, *report decrease in physical symptoms of stress, *report increase in psychological and spiritual comfort,*seek help from a health care professional as appropriate.Within four months after seeking professional help. (2) The second nursing diagnoses for this family is; Anticipatory Grieving related to the death of a significant family member as evidenced by lack of communicating and discussing their feelings, ineffective feelings of expression with feelings of guilt, fear, anger, and sadness, anxiety, changes in appetite, decrease energy and isolation, for both family members.Family interventions will be to *Express appropriate feelings of guilt, fear, anger and sadness, with each other and self*Identify somatic distress associated with grief (anxiety, changes in appetite, insomnia, nightmares, decreased energy, and altered activity levels. Within four months of seeking professional treatment for both ML & CL. 3) The third nursing diagnosis for this family is; Altered Parenting related to deficient knowledge about parenting skills, poor communication skills, depression, and sadness, and changes in family unit as evidenced by inappropriate measures to maintain a safe, nurturing environment for the child, lack of attentive, supportive parenting behavior, and lack of child supervision. Interventions for this family would be*teach appropriate measures to develop a better, safer and nurturing home environment*acquire and display attentive, supportive parenting skills with positive adult behavior and positive and loving adult supervision.Conclusion This paper was developed to provide a family assessment and prioritized nursing diagnosis. Wit h the three main nursing diagnoses, nursing and family interventions were put in place. By using the Friedman Family Assessment, family challenges are recognized and the family strengths are highlighted as the ground work for interventions and foster family resilience. The assessment explored the family’s developmental stage, structure, composition and stressors. With this data, a nurse is able to prioritize family nursing diagnosis and analyze appropriate nursing interventions to assist with the progression of each diagnosis.According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) â€Å" Healthy and vital families are essential to the world’s future because all family members are affected by what their families have invested in them or failed to provide for their growth and well being. (p. 550).References Stanhope, M. , & Lancaster, J. (2012). Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community (8th ed. ). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Mosby. . Turnitin Or iginality Report Processed on 17-Apr-2012 1:12 AM CDT ID: 242763557 Word Count: 1647 Similarity Index 5% Similarity by Source Internet Sources: 5% Publications: 0% Student Papers: N/A

Has Social Media Caused Moral Decay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Has Social Media Caused Moral Decay - Essay Example One may ask what social media is or what it entails. There are different forms of social media for instance twitter, YouTube and Face book these are a few of the social media, which have greatly influenced the people in today,’s society (Wheeldon n.d). Recent research has shown that social media brings fresh blood to people’s lives. For instance, it provides a platform for people from all parts of the world to exchange ideas with this; people are able to enlarge their social circles. Although social media has both positive and negative impacts on people, it has made the world a better place to live in. The essay will bring out that social media is not responsible for the moral decay in today’s society it will bring out both negative and positive effects of social media in order to bring out the counter argument appropriately. Thesis statement Social media is to blame for the moral decay in the society. 1. Communication and socialization Social media has resulted to moral decay on different issues in today’s society. For instance, it has resulted to social isolation (Solari Communications, 2012). This is to say that people lack contact with people in normal life situation. In a work place, one may isolate him or herself from his or work mates thus creating a gap between them. People keep on staring at their smart phone even when around people they should socialize. Because of this, young people do not concentrate when being addressed by older people. This shows how young people have become disrespectful because of the use of social media. Recent research has shown that socially isolated people live a shorter life. When one is a socially isolated, you lose the ability to read ones facial expressions and social cues. Because of continues isolation and spending more time in social media, and aiming at creating more online friends, social media results to depression this is because people spent most of their time chatting with friends and strangers thus wasting the time they are supposed to sleep. This result to depression and one may be unproductive in his or her place of work. Research has shown that being on the screen for long hours affects the release of melatonin a sleep chemical thus making one to sleep for less hours thus resulting to depression (Neelamalar & Chitra, 2009). One feels more comfortable when communicating online than face-to-face. Social media also affects once communicating skills for instance, if one is always on social media he or she may never understand the verbal cues and facial expressions. This result to poor communication skills and one may never know how to communicate while in public. In addition, while chatting most young people do not use grammatically correct language. This affects their language especially in their academics. Constant use of social media has resulted to distractions. Many people are hurt while walking simply because of being constantly glued on their phones texti ng and chatting with friends. In addition, in the class students are distracted from what they are taught because they are on their social websites instead of listening to their teachers by doing so they fail to get the concepts they are supposed to (Wheeldon n.d). This results to poor performance among the students. Today young people seek for sex education in the social websites. Sexting refers to receiving sexually suggestive messages, videos, and photos through the social website. In today’s society, social media has become a leading sexual educator. This is because parents no longer teach their children about sex. Because of this, young people get wrong concepts about sex hence increase in moral decay among the young people. That is why nowadays there is increase in transmission of sexually transmitted

Market Data and Pay Grades and their Structures Essay

Market Data and Pay Grades and their Structures - Essay Example The desserts and pastries offered include pies, cakes, donuts, cupcakes, and many other treats. To differentiate our service, we offer personalization to include names, phrases, or exact matched colors. With this service, we are providing high quality personalized sweets and treats to our customers. Compensation Needs Direct compensation will be based on education and experience for each position. Thus, each position will receive different levels of direct compensation based on their job description. Directors, supervisors, and the human resources department will all be salary based. For indirect compensation, each will be offered medical, dental, and vision insurance and a 401k retirement plan. Other indirect compensation will include holidays, vacation, sick, and paid time off. To ensure employee morale remains high, merit pay increases offered based on work performance and incentives offered based on company performance. HR Mission Simple Sweet Six Corporation is dedicated to the provision of the highest quality of services to its clients while treating each person with value, friendliness, company pride, and a sense of warmth. To our employees: SSS is committed to providing its staff with equal opportunities for learning and personal growth in a working environment that is stable and favorable to all. We will provide quality services and support in employment, training and development, employee relations, benefits, compensation, and safety to all employees. This will help to better serve our clients. Lastly, the firm will treat each employee with respect, equity, and value within the organization. Job Profiles and Market Data and Analysis Human Resource Manager The human resource manager in Simply Sweet Six is responsible for managing the most important resources of the organization. The manager provides consistent, proactive and practical assistance to employees in addition to provision of advice and direction. The manager reports to the director while his /her services are to all managers in other departments on HR policies within the firm. Due to the requirements of the position, the HR manager is responsible for hiring and recruitment of employees in the organization. He/she also organizes employee training and designs a compensation systems for employees together with other management team members of the company. The employees’ database is developed and maintained by the HR manager. Specific responsibilities of the manager are as outlined in the next section. To define the strategy for learning and recruitment of employees in the organization, set high measures, principles, and provision of solution to HR issues facing the firm. Throughout his/her duties, the HR manager will provide pragmatic and consistent guidance to employees and giving them advices on resolution of conflicts, attendance and issues related to employee performance. The HR manger should identify practical solutions to practical and complex issues related t o the management of human resources to the management of the SSS. The HR manager will compile and manage HR documentation for use by other managers. Moreover, he/she would brief other managers on HR policies adopted by the organization especially in relation to establishment of a winning team to solve complex issues within the firm. The HR manager liaises with the recruitment team in the organization in order to harmonize compensation issues related to each job category. In addition, he/she prepares the payroll data for

Understanding How God Calls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Understanding How God Calls - Essay Example As such, God uses His word to communicate with humans. Upon reading the scripture, individuals gain insight of their purpose in the world. The Word gives meaning to life and an understanding of how God wants humanity to live. In Proverbs 6:22, humanity is assured that the Word of God shall talk to them when they awaken. As such, God uses the scripture to call on His people. Spiritual People God uses spiritual people to call. In the past, the prophets were believed to be used by God to communicate with people. They were regarded highly and people respected them. In the modern world, people seek inspiration from spiritual people. In addition, the spiritual people offer counsel on how to live life according to God’s will. In 1 Corinthians 2:13, Paul assures humanity that they speak word taught to them by the Spirit to explain spiritual realities. It is important to acknowledge God’s call through spiritual people as a means of communication to humanity.Creating Needs for Hu manityIn Ecclesiastes 3:1-15, Solomon writes about how everything in the world has its time. This can be interpreted as a means used by God to call on his people. Different events are attributable to God’s manner to communicate. As such, He creates different needs as a means to call. For instance, in times of laughter, God calls on His people to give thanks. However, in times of crying, He calls on His people to seek help from Him. Everyday humanity undergoes different needs that call for God’s intervention.

Introduction to Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction to Business Law - Essay Example Such contracts may get accepted since they provide immense benefits for the company. However, there may be certain circumstances under which such contracts may not be valid especially if the company does not reach into formal incorporation and the individual who has entered into such contracts (usually the promoter) would be held liable for the contract. The promoter is a person who would perform the various activities on behalf of the company even before it has been incorporated and in this way is an agent of the company. He would make several leases and contracts for the company such that the company can be incorporated are able to start off with its required functions that may arise from its objectives. Hence, supposing the company fails to get incorporated or if the shareholders do not accept the contracts, then the promoter may be personally held liable for all the pre-incorporated contracts (National Paralegal College 2003). The problem is actually more serious when the promote r is dealing with a party who may be interested in starting their own company and the promoter is an implied agent for a non-existing birth upcoming company. Hence, the position of the promoter is said to be ambiguous (Singh 2011). On the other hand, contracts are utmost needed for parties to legally be obliged into providing services or goods for a company to be formed. Contracts may be formed at different stages before pre-incorporation and without the presence of pre-incorporation contracts; the company would not be able to come into existence (University of London 2007 p. 43). In several instances, the legal question has been asked whether it is possible for a company to enter into a legally enforceable contract even before it comes into existence. Hence during the period of promotion of the company, the promoters may act as agents (make decisions on behalf of the company), and their role would end once they appoint the board of directors for the company. According to common law s, pre-incorporation contracts would not oblige a company. Once the promoter incorporates the company and appoints the board of directors, he has to hand over all matters to the board of directors, including the contracts that were made during pre-incorporation. The board of directors may accept these contracts or reject it which in turn would hold the promoter personally liable and not the company. Basically there are three types of contracts that may be entered into including pre-incorporation contracts, residuary contracts and provisional contracts (Expedite 2010 p. 10.7). In this paper, the stand of the promoter would be assessed with regards to the pre-incorporation contracts based on the statutory provisions (such as Section 36C of the Companies Act 1985, section 51 of the Companies Act 2006 & Article 7 of the First Directive of the EEC1) and common laws (such as Kelner vs. Baxter2 and Phonogram vs. Lane3). Since the liability on the promoter is very high, recommendations woul d be made that the promoters can implement in order to reduce or avoid liability with the pre-incorporation contracts. Common laws on pre-incorporation contracts One of the leading and initial cases regarding pre-incorporation contracts was Kelner vs. Baxter4 held before the Court of Common Pleas in England. In this case, there were a group of promoters who had created a contract with other parties for a company

Importance of Learning Styles in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Importance of Learning Styles in Nursing - Essay Example Due to different background, nurses offer a continuum of experiences and attributes during training such as varied learning styles. Therefore, training courses should focus on meeting the particular learning needs of individuals (Young & Paterson, 2007). Every individual shows preference for a particular learning style and this in turn accelerates an individual’s ability to learn. It has been stated that the primary goal of training courses is to upgrade an individual’s functioning; however, little effort or attention goes into appraising training methods. Research about successful training indicates that problem-focuses, pragmatic learning schemes based on skilful clinical monitoring and mentorship should be established. It was also revealed that nurses prefer on the job training; these results were similar to those of another research. It has been demonstrated that passive learning is futile and does not lead to improvement as opposed to active learning. Such research es have shown the need to remodel training schemes to embrace a work-oriented and learner-focused method. A logical approach and reasoning is encouraged by imparting education in practical clinical situation. This clinical setting assists in incorporating theoretical knowledge in actual practice for provision of better care of patients. The potential to learn and further application of this learning into practice plays an integral role in providing quality clinical service. Proficient and highly skilled staff guarantees the well-being of patients. In addition, such competent workforce will have to ability to identify and react aptly to clinical requirements. Incorporation of knowledge, learning styles, conceptions is the cornerstone for establishing an effective learning atmosphere. Thereby, an eclectic model is suggested that would integrate the complexities of individual learning into the association’s practices. Honey and Mumford’s Learning Style Questionnaire The à ¢â‚¬Ëœlearning style inventory model’ presented by Kolb inspired numerous theorists. His model served as the foundation stone for Honey and Mumford’s Learning Styles Questionnaire. The distinguishing element between the two models is that the latter investigates general behavioural predisposition whereas Kolb’s model revolves around straightforward queries. Honey and Mumford advocated that majority of individuals have never put thought into how they acquire knowledge (Honey & Mumford, 2006). Essentially, the two models are similar but with minor differences, for instance the terms of Kolb’s model have been substituted: divergers with reflector, assimilators with theorist, convergers with pragmatist and accommodators with activist (Sims & Sims, 1995). 1. Reflector--- finds lecturers beneficial if they are based on expert expositions and analysis. He is fond of learning through watching, thinking and reviewing over events. He utilizes journals and brainstor ms. 2. Theorist— prefers lectures, case studies, books, structure, standards, and examples. He adopts a step-by-step approach to deal with problems and is not in favour of expert talk. 3. Pragmatist— fond of feedback, teaching and establishes evident ties between ongoing task and a difficulty. He applies novel knowledge to practice; and is inclined towards laboratories, actual work and examination. 4. Activist—

Edit 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Edit 2 - Essay Example In this Essay I will focus on Tatsuo’s three main ideas of sovereignty, Asian culture and tradition, and religious diversity. Tatsuo views the Asian values as unauthentic and driven from an anti-West centric stance. In fact, the Asian governments invented this concept to increase their power and silence Asians’ voices by restricting their liberties. According to Tatsuo, the term Asian value is a concept used by Asian leaders to protect their societies from being invaded by Western concepts that contradict with their culture and tradition. Indeed, Tatsuo suggests that even though Asian leaders do not like the idea of democracy – viewing it as a Western value that is being forced into their society, they contradict themselves by accepting the term sovereignty, which is also a Western concept that was introduced by philosophical westerners such as Jean Bodin and Machiavelli. In fact, Tatsuo points that Asian society uses sovereignty as a way to place the power of the state above the individual rights. A good example is Bangkok Declaration that manipulates the meaning of sovereignty by illustrating the importance of respecting the nation and not interfering with foreign affairs. In my opinion, Tatsuo’s argument on sovereignty is valid. Introducing democracy to Asian society will disrupt the hierarchy system that places the state on top of its citizens. In fact, increasing the individuals’ respect and love for their state will increase their feeling of responsibility towards their nation and consider protecting their states as their first priority regardless of their human rights. Indeed, the more value is given to the state the more power it will have and the less power individuals will feel, which will increase their fear of expressing their voices even if their rights are violated. Indeed, this hierarchy system allows the state to control its citizens easily under the right of sovereignty and disregarding the rights of

Price discovery in American and British Property Markets Essay

Price discovery in American and British Property Markets - Essay Example On the other hand, real-estate taxes accounted for 17.1 per cent of home-owners' housing costs in Britain in 1983, compared to only 7.6 per cent in the United States. These home-ownership costs provide a simple cash-flow comparison of family housing cost, but they do not take into account a variety of other important factors, including, most importantly, the impact of mortgage interest tax relief and the appreciated value of the house. The results suggest that actual cost is extremely sensitive to the rate of appreciation. However, using the average annual appreciation over the 1978-83 period, we calculate that, as a percentage of income, the real annual cost of home-ownership (excluding property tax and maintenance) was significantly lower in Britain than in the United States. Indeed, given that interest rates were lower than the rate of inflation of house prices, the real annual cost of purchasing a new home in Britain in either 1981 or 1983 was actually negative.

Role of Industrilization in India Essay Example for Free

Role of Industrilization in India Essay INDUSTRILIZATION Industrialisation (or industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.[2] Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development. [3] Key positive factors identified by researchers have ranged from favourable politico-legal environments for industry and commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of relatively low-cost[citation needed], skilled and adaptable labour. China and India, while roughly following this development pattern, made adaptations in line with their own histories and cultures, their major size and importance in the world, and the geo-political ambitions of their governments, etc.. Meanwhile, Indias government is investing in economic sectors such as bioengineering, nuclear technology, pharmaceutics, informatics, and technologically-oriented higher education, exceeding its needs, with the goal of creating several specialisation poles able to conquer foreign markets. Both China and India have also started to make significant investments in other developing countries, making them significant players in todays world economy. Indian Industrialization The industrial policy of free India was first announced in 1948. This policy envisaged a mixed economy with an overall responsibility of the Government for the planned development of industries and their regulations in national interest. It stated the right of the state to acquire an undertaking. The public interest, and reserved an appropriate sphere for private enterprise. According to this policy Indian industries were classified into three groups. 1. The first category included arms and ammunitions, atomic energy, river valley projects, and the railways. There were to be directly under the management of the state. 2. The second category included coal, iron and  steel, aircraft, telephones, telegraphs, wireless, shipbuilding and mineral oils which were also to be the responsibility of the state. The private undertaking in these industries were to, however, continue for at least ten years. 3. The third category included the remaining industries, which were to be developed by private enterprise. NEED For INDUSTRILIZATION IN INDIA Industrialisation is the process of manufacturing consumer goods and capital goods and of building infrastructure in order to provide goods and services to both individuals and businesses. As such Industrialisation plays a major role in the economic development of underdeveloped countries like India with vast manpower and varied resources. Let us discuss, in detail, the role of industrialization in the Indian economy. 1. Raising Income: The first important role is that industrial development provide a secure basis for a rapid growth of income. The empirical evidence suggests a close correspondence between the high level of income and industrial development. In the industrially developed countries, for example, the GNP per capita income is very high at around $ 28,000. Whereas for the industrially backward countries it is very low at around $ 400 only. 2. Changing the Structure of the Economy: In order to develop the economy underdeveloped countries need structural change through industrialization. History shows that in the process of becoming developed economy the share of the industrial sector should rise and that of the agricultural sector decline. This is only possible through deliberate industrialization. As a result, the benefits of industrialization will ‘trickle down’ to the other sectors of the economy in the form of the development of agricultural and service sectors leading to the rise in employment, output and income. 3. Meeting High-Income Demands: Beyond certain limits, the demands of the people are usually for industrial products alone. After having met the needs of food, income of the people are spent mostly on manufactured goods. This means the income-elasticity of demand for the manufactured goods is high and that of agricultural products is low. To meet these demands and increase the economy’s output underdeveloped countries need industrialization. 4. Overcoming Deterioration in the Terms of Trade: Underdeveloped countries like India need industrialization to free themselves from the adverse  effects of fluctuations in the prices of primary products and deterioration in their terms of trade. Such countries mainly export primary products and import manufactured goods. The prices of primary products have been falling or are stable whereas the prices of manufactured products have been rising. This led to deterioration in the terms of trade of the LDCs. For economic development such countries must shake off their dependence on primary products. They should adopt import substituting and export oriented industrialization. 5. Absorbing Surplus Labour (Employment Generation): Underdeveloped countries like India are characterized by surplus labour and rapidly growing population. To absorb all the surplus labour it is essential to industrialise the country rapidly. It is the establishment of industries alone that can generate employment opportunities on an accelerated rate. 6. Bringing Technological Progress: Research and Development is associated with the process of industrialization. The development of industries producing capital goods i.e., machines, equipment etc., enables a country to produce a variety of goods in large quantities and at low costs, make for technological progress and change in the outlook of the people. This results in bringing about an industrial civilization or environment for rapid progress which is necessary for any healthy economy. 7. Strengthening the Economy: Industrialisation of the country can provide the necessary elements for strengthening the economy. In this regard the following points may be noted. (a) Industrialisation makes possible the production of goods like railways, dams, etc. which cannot be imported. These economic infrastructures are essential for the future growth of the economy. (b) It is through the establishment of industries that one can impart elasticity to the system and overcome the historically given position of a primary producing country. Thus, with industrialization we can change the comparative advantage† of the country to suit its resources and potentialities of manpower. (c) Through industrialization the requirements for the development of agriculture can be met. For example, improved farm-implements, chemical fertilizers, storage and transport facilities, etc., appropriate to our own conditions can be adequately provided only by our own industries. (d) The industrial development imparts to an economy dynamic element in the form of rapid growth and a diversified economic structure which make it a progressive economy. (e) Providing for Security:  Industrialisation is needed to provide for the country’s security. This consideration becomes all the more critical when some international crisis develops. In such situation, dependence of foreign sources for defence materials is a risky affair. It is only through industrial development in a big way that the national objective of self-reliance in defence materials can be achieved.

Body, Wellness, and Stress Essay Example for Free

Body, Wellness, and Stress Essay In recent times, the media had been one of the most common sources of the images that we have in our minds. This social institution had been actively presenting what is right and what is wrong in terms of the physical images of our body. In some way, media have posted the criteria in which the society follows of what is beautiful and what is ugly. A few years back, the media had been starting to post awareness of the body that each of us have. An awareness of how to take care of the body had been one of the few steps in which they took in order for the media to present its viewers what is right about body image. Although the media had been continuously influencing the society of what must be right and what is wrong, it is still an individual’s decision if he or she must change his body or not. The concept of body image is a vague definition in which even practitioners and scientists do not exactly know particular ideas connected to it because it could encompass many conceptions. It is stated in the book â€Å"Body Image† written by Thomas Cash and Thomas Pruzinsky, â€Å"Despite its long history, the concept of body image has remained rather elusive, in part because it has meant different things to different scientists and practitioner. (Cash and Pruzinsky p. 7, 2004). The definition of body image could be under the concepts of â€Å"weight satisfaction, size perception accuracy, body satisfaction, appearance satisfaction, appearance evaluation, appearance orientation, body esteem, body concern, body dysphoria, body dsymphoria, body schema, body percept, body distortion, body image, body image disturbance, and body image disorder† ( Cash and Pruzinsky, p. 7, 2004). With these concepts given, body image is a theory that is related to psychological and personal point of view of an individual about his or her self. With such vast branches of body image, this gives individuals few responsibilities in order for the body to have proper caring. When body image come into my mind, the concept of weight and the image portrayed by an individual becomes the most significant thoughts that I see. The responsibility of a person with his or her body is very important in order to maintain body image. Every person must take responsibility of their personal health due to some reasons. One of the few reasons that these people set are the physical image they portray to the society. Having a good physical body would surely create an image in which people would see as healthy. Having the exact and proportionate body would present people that and individual is taking good care of his or her body. He or she maybe assumed to have proper exercise and exact food in take in which allows him or her to have a fit body. However, it must be understood that every person has a different body type and not only those are thin and fit are healthy but also those people that do not have illness and exudes a bright aura. Most people become a victim of their body. In terms of eating, people became slaves of food which therefore ruins the physical body that we have. Having too much food intake is one of the most common things problems of the society. The excessive consumption of food had been one of the leading causes of obesity in the United States however; this issue is not only caused by excessive food intake but could also be caused by stress and issues. In some studies shown, people who are obese often have issues which could cause their excessive food intake. One very good example of this issue was Oprah Winfrey. The famous television host was very blunt about her weight gain and weight lost. She have admitted to the public that her weight was caused by some issues and for her to pacify her emotions, food became her way to cope which then lead to the drastic changes she had in her body. Currently, she has been one of the popular Hollywood personalities in which advocates healthy living and correct body image. (Garson, 2004) Stress is one of the major causes of individuals why they forget themselves in terms their health. The fast paced life people have been the reasons of the stress related sickness in which could lead to dangerous or deadly diseases. Although it is not known to many, stress could be one of the major causes of various diseases. Emotional stress could lead to simple headache, colds and fever if the problem had really caused emotional trouble. Not being able to have time management skill would only cause many stress problems. Time if not managed well could lead to many consequences such as sickness, lost of social life and being emotionally apart with family. Not being able to do the tasks set for the day only leads to unfinished office work of activities. Things that could be done today should be able to be done immediately because upon doing so, this will lead for an individual would be able to have free time for him or her self and also for their family. I personally had experienced this type of stress at work. I was seriously working until the dead hours of the night and only had a few sleep. I was stress by the deadlines I had to do but still I need to sleep and eat nutritious food. But then, I had a difficult time managing my time so after a few weeks I became sick. Instead of me doing my deadline in the right time, all of it was moved because of the stress I had. I was not able to work for days which lead to overflowing work that needed to do when I went back to work. After that experience, I thought that I must be able to manage my time thus making more time for myself and my health. It is not good that I become used to being stressed. I personally do not like being sick because somehow it makes a person helpless and useless at the same time. I am young and I do not think that my body is one of the problems which I could encounter. Now I have realized that being young is not a reason for me to not take care of my own body but this moment should be something that would encourage me to take care of my body not only physically but emotionally and mentally. A book inspired me and stated that, â€Å"Decide how you spend your time. Don’t let other people, circumstances or habit decide for you† (Cook, p. 1, 1999). In conclusion, everyone must learn how to take care of the body. It is not only through physical healthy but also in emotional and psychological health. However an individual emotionally feels, these will be evident within the body. It is either he or she will acquire sickness which could be immediately resolved could cause harsh effects to the body. One of the ways to cope stress is to properly manage the time that we have everyday. If needed, an individual must learn from self help books in order to learn some tips to lead them to a better time management skill. However even if an individual is very enthusiastic in learning to manage his or her time, all the issues that he or she personally have must first be resolved. It is not enough for an individual to just pacify one issue in his or her life. In order to have a good body image the soul, the mind and the body must first be together and united. With such, a person could attain peace and contentment. Body image is not only a concept that we must attained physically but also in other perceptions. It is not enough that the society sees an individual as beautiful and healthy but it must how the individual sees him or her self. Having a healthy body is a gift for every human being therefore; it must be taken good care.

The concept of scientific management case study

The concept of scientific management case study The concept of scientific management can be defined as the exercise of the scientific technique to define the most appropriate or best way for a job to be done. Important Contributions in this field is made by Frederick W. Taylor, who is deemed as the father of scientific management. Taylors employment at the Bethlehem Steel companies inspired his concern in improving efficiency. Frederick W. Taylor sought to produce a mental transformation among both workers and managers by defining transparent guidelines towards improving production efficiency. Through all of these, Frederick W. Taylor was adept to define the most suitable or one best way for doing every job. Frederick W. Taylor accomplished steady improvements in productivity in the range of nearly 200 percent. He acknowledged the role of managers to plan and manage and of workers to act upon as they were instructed (Daniel, 1992)Â  [1]Â  . The expansion of management theories has been described by differing ideas regarding what managers do and how they should do it. It is believed that scientific management pored over management from the lookout of enhancing the productivity and competency of manual workers. Frederick W. Taylors Four Principles of Scientific Management includes- carefully study every part of the task scientifically and cultivate a best method to perform that particular task..He also suggested to carefully choose workers and prepare them to perform a task with the use of scientifically developed approach (Daniel, 1992)1. Time studies as described by Taylor go ahead to the idea of the assembly procession which is suitably open up for any type of organization. The term of Scientific management has been originally selected as a indication to progressives ideals of the 1910s. Scientific management, at first the inadequacy of laissez-faire and the necessary role of disinterested elites (Haber, 1964)Â  [2]Â  ! The functionalist imagery used in The Principles of Scientific Management presents the Taylorist approach as a set of prescriptions to get better a few endeavors. Similarly mental transformation planned might be an appeal for a social commitment of engineers as well as controlled persons of the organization. (Daniel, 1992)1. The recent international development of new thoughts is a result of the internal revolution of firms as well as a component of interaction between between reformist actions at the turning of the century. However without believing honestly in all of too good-natured declarations of social harmony, how would the peculiarity of this discourse of modernization would be seriously taken into account and analyzed. On the opposite side Taylor saw that -the power of the skilled workers was the lack of power on the part of management. Taylor therefore extended as his goal the refurbishment of power back into the hands of management. He did not see this in terms of a dispute between social groups. In Taylors view, there is need of scientific study of the work process in order to enhance productivity and efficiency which would be of benefit for all. However the present system not able to provide this and therefore needed fundamental reform. Taylor believed that attempts levels and incentive systems should be determined on scientific basis. It was not the result of bargaining and dispute between skilled workers and managers. Therefore he began to look at other ways where the production system could be restructured (Daniel, 1992)1. Taylors 4 Principles of Scientific Management Taylor proposed the following four principles of scientific management which he concluded after years of various experiments to determine optimal work methods:- Collaborate with the workers to make sure that the scientifically developed approaches are being followed. Distribute total work nearly equally among managers and workers, such as the managers apply scientific management ideology to planning the work and the workers essentially perform the tasks. Exchange rule of thumb work methods with techniques based on a scientific study of the tasks. Scientifically choose, coach, and develop each worker instead of passively leaving them to train themselves (Daniel, 1992)1. These all four principles were implemented in many production units as well as factories which focused on increasing productivity through a factor of either three or more principles. It is a evidence that Henry Ford applied some of Taylors principles in his organization and automobile/ vehicle factories as well as families and the result of the same all these started to perform their individual and household tasks basis on the outcome of time and motion studies (Daniel, 1992)1. Any discussion of scientific management needs to identify its particular contextual features. These feature gaggle Taylor in two directions. First direction which is implanted in all modem industrial systems concerns the requirement for planning of the production process. However, the other direction was focused towards a specific model of how the work process could be structured. It was based on a process of generalization of skills and deskilling. On the basis of specific American context, for a time being, it may be successful in that context but, as a more generic way, it was not commonly adopted because in other countries, privileged, managers as well as workers had different expectations of their particular roles. So skilled work keep hold of a greater significance in many more countries and sectors than Taylor would have expected (Daniel, 1992)1. Application of Scientific Management in case study Human Resource or Staffing costs take up the largest share of the budget in all major important hospitals. There should be effective processes that should be focused on managing recruitment, sickness and absence staff, which can offer considerable benefits. Required changes in practice are one thing but enabling sustainable developments which is generally considered as a more difficult challenge. Work with precious in accepting how to attain long term change and how to constantly improve standard practice should be major concern (Koontz, 1986)Â  [3]Â  . In the given case of Aidensfield Hospitals Trust (AHT) it is reveal that Human resource management administration is presently controlled from a central HR department, although some areas of the organizations people management practices such as employee selection, discipline, grievance and communication have been delegated to line management within loose group working arrangements. However, slack reporting structures, weak lines of communication, along with ill-defined limits of authority and accountability have resulted in role ambiguity within the line managers. In turn, this is mirrored in job insecurity, low morale and poor motivation at operational level (Tsoukas, 1994)Â  [4]Â   It also suggested that working alongside the Human Resources team at ATH must undertake a diagnostic review of current processes. To apply this initial lean implementation activity, supported with an introduction to support methodologies and waste walk, pin-pointed the main areas for improvement within the department that may include sickness and absence rates and the lead-time for recruitment to unfilled or vacant posts. It also require, the complete process flow planning of sickness and absence management identified postponements, gaps in the process and a lack of standardization (Koontz,1986)Â  [5]Â  . Additional focus also suggested on delays through root basis analysis supported by the team in recognizing solutions to the key issues, which may include: Case conferencing Mandatory training Performance indicators Project planning Simplified procedures and documentation Process mapping of recruitment activities are the major challenges which required to be highlighted through the system. The new requirement analysis should be done for Job design which is part of vacancy filling. These steps focus out of sequence, standards being followed and further delays may arise in Occupational Health and patients checking and diagnosis (Goold, 2002)Â  [6]Â  . The root cause analysis may help the team work at ATH on a number of expected solutions that may include:- Transparent performance measures Capacity matching measures Separated recruitment from job design Standard recruitment procedures Demand Building on all suggested improvement The ATH management should work with the Human Resources team to develop their internal base capability in order to sustain new improvements. All the staff should require to attain training workshop which given them skills in techniques such as general process mapping and structured problem analysis as well as solving. At ATH many role ambiguity and a degree of inconsistency regarding people management arrangements is apparent within supervisory grades in the organization should be removed. More emphasis on Delegation, communication, team-building and employee empowerment have all been problematic issues for managers, trade union representatives and employees of this health service provider. As a manager leadership is crucial to the success of ATH. A caring, competent and professional leader will earn the respect and support of all the staff. Managers who show by example that they are acting according to a sound value system and a high work ethic are well on the road to managing a suc cessful hospital. To do this, managers need personal goals. The team must have a clear strategy for themselves and communicate this clearly to others. However teamwork that involves all levels of staff, starting with the management, developing a shared vision and purpose for the hospital within its shared core values is a way to unify people from different backgrounds and professions. To improve the HR functions at ATH is suggested that the organization to perform effectively in this highly competitive environment, senior management perceive a need to streamline the management structure, formalize reporting arrangements, clarify parameters of authority and improve the present group working arrangements. It is likely that these changes will have far-reaching consequences for both management and operational workers. Because the present management-employee relations climate is not conductive to the implementation of change, it will be necessary to create a positive team-based environme nt to embrace ongoing change in the future (McMahon, 1980)Â  [7]Â  . Q4. Using specific examples drawn from the case study discuss leadership styles and the potential behavioral responses. Leadership Styles Leadership generally defined in numerous ways by different authors, however the most appropriate one in the hospital scenario is the process of influencing all the behavior of an individual or a group in such a way that they try hard keenly towards the achievement of organization goals (Clegg, 2005)Â  [8]Â  . Types of leadership Autocratic Leadership The characteristics of Autocratic leadership are:- The leader primarily seeks the conformity from his group. They have to carry out the work as preferred by the leader. The whole authority is centralized with the leader and he can determine everything. The leaders can structures entire work for his employees. Communication is generally unidirectional from above downwards. Workers compliance can obtain through threats and punishments. Those who obey orders may reward and those who do not are punished. It is a carrot and stick type of leadership. All employees have very slight responsibility. All employees assured about their security. (h) Decision making is speedy and less competent subordinates can be simply employed. (i) The highly qualified professionals do not like this type of leadership as there is short of scope for growth, development, proposal and sense of responsibility. (j) Fear, argument, dissatisfaction and frustration can increase easily (Clegg, 2005)8. Participative or Democratic Leadership The characteristics of Democratic Leadership are:- Communication can make in all directions. Decision making taking more time. Experienced and capable workers feel more happy and satisfied. In this type of leadership, leader and workers share the decision making. It is not a carotid stick type of leadership. There are no punishments but corrective actions and rewards are based on goal achievements. The leader draws the ideas and suggestions from the workers by discussions and consultations. The workers are encouraged to take part in making organizational goals and the job of leader is mainly that of control. The workers have a common sense of belonging and satisfaction. Unskilled and lower level workers do not like this style (Clegg, 2005)8. Laissez-Faire or Free Rein Leadership In this type of leadership, each worker has his own ability and the leader is relatively like an information cubicle. He exercises a minimum and assumes the role of another member of the group. This is more suitable for investigate laboratories and similar organizations (Clegg, 2005)8. Epidemiology of Leadership in different conditions In order to determine the best leadership style following three factors can be obtained. The condition in which the leading takes place. The people individual lead. The personal individuality of the leader himself. Because differences take place in all three of these factors, there can be major deviation in leadership style (Clegg, 2005)8. The other differentiation of major leadership style is listed below:- Affiliative Leadership Authoritative Leadership Charismatic Leadership Coaching Leadership Style Coercive Leaders Democratic Leaders Pacesetting Leaders Behavioral Responses A Leader has an authority that motivates others towards achieve a common goal. Respected leaders focus on what they are about their beliefs and character, what they know about job, tasks, and human nature, and what they do to implement, motivate, and provide directions. Managers may manage tasks. Leaders can lead people. Respected managers have subordinates and leaders have followers. Managers are those people who do things right. Leaders are those people who do the right thing. Leadership style is the style in which manner and approach for providing directions, implementing plans, and motivating people. Leaders may vary their styles. A Leader is not strict on one style. Mostly leaders may use multiple styles to control their followers one (Golema, 2002)Â  [9]Â  . True leadership starts when it does an impact on the followers. Every counseling leader makes the assumption that there is individuality about individuals skills, and that some may beat the leaders in convinced areas. Ideas are encourage able and shareable, and decisions that reflects the collective intelligence of the team members. The leader consults with their followers and smooths the system for them to do a superior job. Where a manager may give a sense of self-belief in the leader, the counseling leader gives all the team members a sense of self-belief in themselves. By installing this confidence in their work, the counseling leader set the point for what is known as maintenance behavior, the ability to keep things affecting on keel. In this regard, the leader may become a valuable person for the company who has ability to develop internal concord (Golema, 2002)9. The formula for a success leader is really very simple: The more leadership styles are adopted more you are able to master, so you will become the superior leader. The ability to replace between styles as situation demands wills superior the result and workplace climate. Golemans research exposed four more leadership styles that leaders were able to master the affinitive, democratic, coaching, and authoritative styles frequently provide better performance from their followers and a healthy climate in which they are working (Golema, 2002)9. Application to case study The hospital is a multipart organization, aimed to attain the patient care fulfillment. This organization is totally different from other organizations like cotton industry, toys or car production industry, all the principles of management are appropriate in the hospital atmosphere. Hospitals are labor concentrated organizations and engage a large number of professionals, who are working in a life and death activity, leadership is one of the areas which attach a lot of importance in the hospital management. In the hospital various types of people come across, like hospital employees, patients and the visitors. The scope is more or limited to the hospital employees. (McMahon, 1980)7. As already discussed hospital is a multipart organization aimed with various types of actions performed by different groups of employees ranging from unskilled to highly skilled and professional. Mainly the hospital employees can be divided into three groups. Medical (Professionals). Non-medical. Nursing and paramedical. Professional employees: This group consists of doctors, specialists and super specialists who are highly qualified and highly skilled workers. Even though money and materials may provoke some of them but on the whole they are provoked only after their psychological needs are met with. Their psychological needs can be met when they are participating in the decision making. As a result, they feel intelligence of belonging and achieve acclaim as well (Golema, 2002)9. Nursing and paramedical employees: This group consists of technical and semiskilled workers lower than the professional group. Primarily they require job structuring by oppressive way of leadership, they obtain so much proficiency that direction and willpower takes higher priority in motivating them and they become an important part of the unrestricted leadership (Golema, 2002)9. Non-Medical employees: This group consists of unskilled workers with very low education and very low financial status. Their inspiration comes by meeting their basic and security requirements. Simply by money and material benefits can satisfy this type of group. Since their requirements are very limited and need job security, the oppressive style of leadership is the improved way to control them (Golema, 2002)9. There are two types of situations in hospital industry. Normal situation Crisis situation Normal situation: Throughout normal situation professional, nursing and paramedical groups of workers are controlled with the democratic type of leadership. Even the hospital disaster plan can be discussed and customized according to the past experiences. The non-medical group of employees can be governed by the autocratic style of leadership even throughout the normal situations. Crisis situation: The comparatively sudden and wide spread trouble of the social system and the life of group of people by some agent or occurrence of large amount of admissions of patients and lead to the crisis situation in the hospital. Hospital disaster plan is activated in this situation and demands autocratic style of leadership (Golema, 2002)9. For achieving optimal leadership style the leader has to modify his working style according to the needs. In ancient days leadership was considered to be the natural feature and used to lead in the particular families. Due to availability of better management tools and development of the scientific knowledge, now leadership basically involves in motivating the staff and appliance of communication skills (Golema, 2002)9. Operative leadership is an essential need for higher utilization of insufficient hospital resources and higher superiority of medical care. It has already been discussed that democratic style is more appropriate for the normal situations for highly qualified and highly professional group, whereas crisis situations can be managed by way of autocratic style of leadership. The autocratic style of leadership can control the non- medical group effectively. The hospital administrator should have competency in all the styles of leadership and should select the one according to the situation (McMahon, 1980)7. Q6. Critically review the concept informal organization and illustrate how it may apply to the case study. Concept of informal organization The nature of organizational structure has changed over many decades. The major trend of organizational has been from mechanistic structures, hierarchies, functional specializations and management controls, to organic structures, characterized by team working, empowerment and flexibility. Organizational design reflects the systems that consider both hard and soft components, i.e. elements, association between elements, and relations as a whole to form one unit. Therefore, mechanistic and organic structures acquire different characteristics, namely: mechanistic structures emphasize the hard component of systems with minute consideration paid to the soft component; while organic structures mainly expand the soft component (that is the informal structure) relating to the interaction between the soft and hard components for the creation of organizational capability. This conceptual term paper embraces systems opinion, elaborating on the changing importance of elements within different ty pes of organizational structure. In addition to the importance of managing the informal structure for the goal of organizational success within the facts economy (Kotter 1990)Â  [10]Â  ! Informal structure is essential for organizational behavior, but, unlike formal structure, is not illustrated in the organizational chart. On the other hand, formal organizational structure can be unreliable, as many organizational activities, which symbolize the real vigor, may be undertake outside the framework of formal organizational structure; and people, who control the real future, may be well hidden beneath of the organizational chart (Roberts, 2004)Â  [11]Â  . Therefore, formal institutions have been analyzed and evaluated separately of informal institutions. The converse is also true: the informal institutions have largely distant from the importance of formal institutions, often viewing them as functional substitute. Some of the scholars feels that is not adequately look at the relations between formal and in-formal organizational / institutions. We challenge in somehow towards failure to amalgamate of all these concepts into a common theory has led to imperfect reasoning and considerable weakness in theories of economic organization. In this essay we analysis the both informal and formal institutions of economic organization into the most fundamental predictions of NIE. The formal and informal organization structure Organizations have a formal structure which is organized by the responsibility for managing the organization. They create the formal structures to enable the organization to meet its affirmed objectives (Weick, 2001)Â  [12]Â  . Frequently these formal structures will be set out in the form of organizational charts. However, an informal structure develops day-to-day interactions between the members of the organization in most organizations. This informal structure may be different from set out on paper. Informal structures develop because: Informal structures are easier to work on it. patterns of interaction are formed by friendship groups and other relationships people does not like to work on formal structures people find new ways for doing things in easier way and save the time Many times the unofficial structure might be conflict with the formal or official one. It can be noted that where these case the organization might become less efficient towards meeting its stated objectives. In spite of this, in some cases the informal or unofficial structure might ascertain to become more efficient while meeting organizational aim because the formal organizational structure might be set out very badly. It is supposed that managers require learning to work with both formal and informal structures. It may be a flexible manager who may feel fundamentals of the in-formal organizational structure that might be formalized for sake of understanding by accommodation the formal organization structure to fits in developments that may results from daily working of the in-formal structure. All of the organizations that appear in the Times 100 will have some form of formal structure which is usually set out in organization charts. As the managers foster these in-formal teams an d mould all of them in-to the formal organization which can lead to high intensity of motivation for the staff concerned. However, these organizations also benefit from informal structures based on friendship groups. By analyzing how the informal and formal organizations might be complementary, balanced and integrated, the requirements of an organization become clear and practical solutions present themselves. On the other hand a formal process makes sure that particular works that might be efficient and primary informal set up that can be organize individuals quickly as well as effectively towards put an end to issues that might not be addressed in system itself. On the other hand proper performance bonus may inspire top sales people and gives pride in better negotiation behaviors that might inspire the larger group of low or middle performers (Watson, 1986)Â  [13]Â  . Application of informal organization to case study Few hospital trusts and health authorities steadily do better than others on different paths towards performance. In this case study of ATH, there are some proof related to management matters, however the combination of individual clinicians and teams. In this case it is found that the link between the organization and management of services as well as quality of patient care can be criticized theoretically and methodologically (Miles, 1978)Â  [14]Â  . A larger and debatably more precise body of work presents on the performance of hospital in the private sector, often conducted within the disciplines of organizational behavior or human resource management. Some studies in these traditions have towards the decentralization and participation as well as innovative work rehearsal on outcome of variables which may include job satisfaction, good feeling and performance. The main objective is to identify a number of reviews and research traditions that might bring new and innovative ideas into future work towards finding out hospital performance. This may be the case where preferably furthere research might be more theoretically in-formed which may use parallel rather than horizontal designs. The use of some statistical methods and techniques which include multilevel modeling that allow for the inclusion of variables towards various levels of analysis that would enable rough estimation of separate involvement that structure, process make to hospital outcomes. (McMahon, 1980)7 For a medium sized hospital as ATH, it might not be sure why, but over the last few years it was found it more and more difficult to be effective people management in the traditional ways. It was almost as if ATH management spent all of their time trying to swim upstream. Things that used to be obvious and easy became difficult however ATH management couldnt understand why. This problem unfortunately is a fairly common problem within same companies or hospitals. ATH management failed to understand and manage the informal organization structure within these functional teams. As this can be a fatal flaw to all managers which may include senior ones! All company in generally having two organization structures, the first one is called formal structure. This is the one everyone talks about. It can be seen on official organization charts. It shows who reports to whom, who is responsible for what and how everyone is supposed to communicate with each other. But then theres another organizati on that few talk about but is at least equally important (Clarke, 1998)Â  [15]Â  . Its the informal organization within the company. Its the structure which can be following when the management/ authorities like ATH management dont have the time to do it the right way. Its based on who knows what, who gets things done, who has influence and power, who must agree before an idea can be effectively implemented. Formal structures are the way a hospital wants things to work. Informal structures describe the way they really work. (McMahon, 1980)7. Efficient and effective companies recognize this and management makes sure they are never very far apart. They understand that if they are too far apart for too long something is going to break. The problem is that it is difficult to predict what will break. In this case it is found that there is problem that ATH management failed to include and listen to other key executives, some of whom management thought had nothing to do with what he was changing, as he moved forward with an important series of initiatives (Evans, 2000)Â  [16]Â  . There are two lessons to be learned from ATH management experience. The first is rather obvious, every manager and employee should understand that informal structures exist in companies, that they are not much bad and must be understand and used as required appropriately. It is found that Ignoring all of them is done at ATH management own risk. Similarly another lesson which seems more fundamental (Mintzberg, 1993)Â  [17]Â  ! ATH management need to periodically look at how things are done, how they are organ