Differences Between Imperialism And Imperialism - 1618 Words

Sovereignty- The supreme authoritative rule over a country that is usually self-governing and reserves the right to be independent instead of interfering in other countries affairs. Contrariwise, no other power, individual, government, or entity may have the jurisdiction to supercede said sovereign power. Imperialism- A powerful nation or entity that transcends their authority upon other countries and states that are not as strong in an effort to take control. The idea of imperialism originates from the belief that if the stronger nations around the globe have the ability and the resources to counterbalance the issues of other countries then they should use those capabilities to take control and stablise them. The†¦show more content†¦In this particular cartoon, it depicts him with a giant bag of money labeled â€Å"Millions for a canal† while grabbing Columbia around the neck which appears to be indicative of a sense of greedy entitlement towards the panama canal and that he will take drastic measures to attain his personal goals of the betterment of the United States. Roosevelt also has the appearance as a very determined person and an intense credence of imperialism which is explained in writing in Roosevelt s Case for Supporting the Panamanian Revolution, 1903 and The Roosevelt Corollary, 1904 . In the documents mentioned above and the cartoon, he feels an acute need to intervene in the province of other nations not conducting themselves properly and, in the event that they do not, to act with imperialistic beliefs with aggressive reforms. Yes from my perspective it would be an accurate representation of the events that precipitated in Panama. For one, President Rooseve lt was very aggressive how he went about the action and how controversial the action was when he approached congress with it. He clearly intruded upon Colombia’s sovereignty. In fact, American Passages had this to say about it, â€Å"Roosevelt’s infringement on Colombian sovereignty produced hard feelings in Latin America..† (468). The Panama Canal movement caused bitter dissension in the government and he faced a lot of opposition. Many felt that he wasShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Formal And Informal Imperialism1721 Words   |  7 PagesDIFFERENCE BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL IMPERIALISM Name University Course Tutor Date Difference between formal and informal imperialism Throughout the history of the world, different kingdoms have been competing to expand their territories. In most cases, the expansion of theses territories has been at the expense of weaker territories that are incapable of fighting back effectively owing to different barriers . For example, the Mongols expanded their territory in less than a hundred yearsRead MoreDifferences Between Nationalism And Imperialism2099 Words   |  9 PagesKayla Melo J. Cormier CPW 4U1 Wednesday, October 29, 2014 Nationalism and Imperialism Whether it’s nationalism and/or imperialism we are affected by these angles all through out our lifetime, there are benefits to both nationalism and imperialism such that each can favorably support their nations respectively. These two features can be very powerful forces that can bring a nation together in its greatest time of need but may be able to subjugate another nation. By definition, nationalism is a patrioticRead MoreDifferences Between 16th and 19th Century Imperialism1896 Words   |  8 PagesThe Differences Between 16th and 19th Century Imperialism and their Effects on the World Today. Name: Mr. Big Student #: C10539956 Course: INS 201 Professor: Dr. Ventricle 1. What is ‘imperialism’? How did 19th-century colonialism, empire building, high imperialism differ from those of earlier times: in particular from the colonialism of early- modern mercantilism (16th to18th centuries)? ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------Read MoreImperialism and Colonialism Essay541 Words   |  3 PagesImperialism Imperialism is the policy or practice of a country extending its control over a foreign country’s land, economic life, or political system. The ruling country usually does this through conquest, and the native people of the nation being taken over are often suppressed. If a nation takes over the government of another territory militarily or through political means, then this is called direct imperialism. Indirect imperialism is when a region is self-governing but another country takesRead MoreA Passage to India: Imperialism1677 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss Forster’s portrayal of Imperialism in the novel a passage to India A passage to India by E.M.Forster is a novel which deals largely with the political, economic and social takeover of India by the British Crown. The novel deals widely with colonialism and more specifically, imperialism. Forster presents the theme in question through the lives and minds of the characters from both the Indians and the English people. There is no subjective undertone to the novel and we see clearly how eachRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Influence and Consequence of European Imperialism on Africa and China During the 19th Century.748 Words   |  3 Pagesconsequence of European Imperialism on Africa and China during the 19th century. Imperialism is when one country dominates the cultural, economic, and political life of a nation weaker than itself. In the 19th century, Europe was the nation that was dominating both China and Africa. There were quite a few similarities in the way that European imperialism was changing these nations. One important similarity was that both the nations had resisted against British imperialism at one point. HoweverRead MoreImperialism In South Africa Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesNasrallah, a political figure for Lebanon, â€Å"So long as there is imperialism in the world, a permanent peace is impossible†. Throughout history the countries that have experienced imperialism from other countries have seen how it brings only conflicts and not peace. Africa has been one of the largest places to experience imperialism. Imperialism has affected Africa in many ways for a long time. However, one specific example of how imperialism brought anguish to people is the country of South Afr ica. AnRead MoreThe Holocaust And Western Imperialism And The Holocaust1271 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocities. This has to be done since normal individuals cannot justify to themselves that they are immoral. Both western imperialism and the Holocaust had their atrocities justified by the illusion of progress. Even though numerous millions of people were slaughtered in these campaigns, many of the people doing the killing, believed that it was for the greater good. Western imperialism used the notion of bettering the native population and expansion in order to justify their mass killings. On the otherRead MoreEssay on Colonialism and Imperialism - The White Mans Burden1602 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism: The White Mans Burden      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In one of his most famous poems, Rudyard Kipling said, Take up the white mans burden! (146). He was only one of many who believed in the virtues of imperialism in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. During that period, imperialism was on the rise, and Africa was being swallowed up by competing European nations. The imperialists had many arguments supporting imperialism. They said it was beneficial and, in some cases, essentialRead MoreGlobalization: Western Imperialism by Another Name Essay934 Words   |  4 Pages In our modern society the distance between individual nations is becoming smaller and gradually less important. As international trade and investment grow, the economies of these nations are becoming more integrated. This phenomenon has been labelled as globalisation. On the surface, globalisation seems like the most favourable path for the evolution of society, yet it can be argued that eventually the economy will be controlled by a few major organisations, remaining

Changes in Sexual Desire During Pregnancy - 2617 Words

The topic of this paper is what causes sexual desire and behaviors to change during pregnancy. The purpose of this paper is to support the hypothesis that women’s sexual desires and behaviors change during pregnancy and during the postpartum stage. The information presented in this paper was collected from scholarly peer reviewed research articles on pregnant and postpartum women. The finding of all the articles was that women engaged in less sexual intercourse during pregnancy and waited until several weeks after delivery to begin having sex again. They found that the changes that occur during pregnancy and the year postpartum are caused by physical and emotional factors and concerns. An implication from this study is that mothers and fathers each have their own concerns that occur at different stages of the pregnancy that cause sexual desires to decrease. Pregnancy, and Sexual Desire, and Behavior I. Introduction A. Pregnant women and their partners experience less sexual desires and engage in less sexual behaviors during and after pregnancy. 1. This hypothesis is derived from looking at research articles being used to write this paper. Also from material about pregnancy learned in previous classes. B. This is an empirical review of five articles that researched how pregnant women and their husbands react sexually when pregnant and after pregnancy. The results collected during pregnancy were compared to prepregnancy statistics. The data was collected usingShow MoreRelatedThe Problem With Low Libido1561 Words   |  7 PagesSome call it passion, others know it as desire, and others simply refer to it as lust or canal urge, but whatever name you want to give this elusive feeling, there s no denying that it s a feeling worth experiencing. As a young woman, you are either doing it, trying to get it, or thinking about it. If it s not any (or a combination) of the three, then some people will tell you outright that there s something wrong with you. While most young women between the ages of 18 and 30 are caught up inRead MoreImportance Of Contraception On Sexual Relationships997 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment #3: Importance of contraception in sexual relationship. I decided to choose Campo-Engelstien’s paper to write about contraception for this assignment because it fits more to answer the questions. Campo-Engelstien’s paper describes how men is biologically, and socially different between women with everything about sex; with their uncontrollable libido about sex and their desire of it. When one is in a sexual relationship with his/her partner, pregnancy is one of the major concerns each mightRead MoreFemal Arousal Disorder1373 Words   |  6 Pagesstudied for problems with sexual disorders and dysfunction’s Sexual disorders and dysfunctions refer to difficulties individuals experience in their sexual functioning. (O’Donohue, Geer) In the past when sexual problems were studied amongst women the focus was on the orgasmic phase, with such problems as Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Anorgasmia, rather than on the arousal phase. Even in 1970 when Masters and Johnson published their famous book Human Sexual Inadequacy, they omittedRead MoreTeenagers and Birth Control1208 Words   |  5 Pageswho have the ability to consent fully and understand the consequences of their behavior. Additionally, sexual behavior contains a lot of risks of many different natures. There is the emotional risk of engaging in such intimate activity, with concomitant development of feelings that may not be reciprocated or healthy. There is also the physical risk of disease. For heterosexual women, pregnancy is an emotional, physical, and economic strain that could severely derail a promising future. This argumentRead MoreMy Personal Experience Of Sexuality Education At Avondale College And St. Dominic s College Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesacademic stimulation but also emotional maturity and psychological development.Sexuality education therefore has become a fundamental aspect of one’s learning as it not only enables us to formulate ideas regarding sexual identity and gender but also allows us acknowledge ourselves as sexual beings.It can be argued that sexuality is not ‘the property of the individual and is not a hormonally or biologically given quality’ (Epstein,O’Flynn and Telford, 2003) but rather it is a socially constructed paradigmRead MoreSex Is Not Only Important For The Existence Of Humanity1344 Words   |  6 PagesAs women and men it is not only important for the existence of humanity, but also to fulfill an innate human desire for everyone to be able to express themselves sexually. Although sex can be something that men and women desire, and at times yearn for it is important to remember that sex is not just a physical act, it is something that comes with emotions and responsibility. Fundamentally it is important to understand how sex works and the anatomy of yourself and the opposite sex, the consequencesRead MoreSexual Roles And Sexual Performance1730 Words   |  7 PagesSexual performance is a broad term that encompasses m any issues and conditions that affects sexual health life. This is a reduction in sexual performance as a result of external problems that interfere with sustained erection ability (impotency)Numerous Psychological and physiological conditions leads to erectile dysfunction. Physical stress increase, either at home or workplace is the main cause of inability to keep up a steady erection during sexual intercourse. The following are sexual performanceRead MoreEssay about Protect the Future1398 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone is doing it! Assumptions, like this one, may prompt sexual activities among many teens. The amount of teenagers involved in sexual activity has drastically increased over the last several decades. Especially during the course of high school due to the outrageous status que with having sex. Due to such high numbers of sexually active teens, the distribution of condoms in high school could be implemented in every school district across the United States. Many individuals believe in using protectionRead MoreUnprotected Sex Leads to an Increase in Pregnancy, Social Discrimination and Disease1153 Words   |  5 Pagesincluding pregnancy, social discrimination, and various diseases. The majority of unprotected sex is acted upon within teena gers. However, adults act upon this feat as well. While performing sexual proceedings, you use a condom to prevent the corrupting effects due to unprotected sex from happening to you. In the absence of using a condom, the effects are amplified. Most people are aware of the consequences of unprotected sex, although, the choice of using a condom to protect you during sexual intercourseRead MoreEffective Topics For Parents And Children About Sex1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe author states the importance of parents talking to children about sex, before their first sexual encounter, and its importance in preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections or diseases. It states that with effective communication, between a child and their parent, it can increase the willingness of a child to talk to their parents when they feel they are ready to have their first sexual encounter. The author also exaggerates the importance of the parents providing their children

Minimum Legal Drinking Age free essay sample

The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Underage drinking has been become a large issue in the recent decades, becoming a rising issues mainly among young college students. This debate of either lowering the drinking age or keeping it as it is has caught great attention, especially with academic superiors. In 2008, 100 college presidents called for a debate about bringing down the drinking age. In Shari Roan’s essay, â€Å"Tempest in a Bottle,† agreed that â€Å"[their] experience as college and university presidents convinces us that twenty-one is not working. A culture of dangerous, clandestine ‘binge-drinking’often conducted off-campushas developed. † This occurrence of binge-drinking in clandestine settings is a result of college students not being able to legally purchase their own alcohol. These clandestine areas include places like fraternity, house parties or even out in street at night, all in which no adult supervision is involved. Young adults who are curious about drinking are shunned from places where safe and responsible drinking is promoted and so, instead, they decide to escape and drink in secret where they’ll have no â€Å"older adults who might model more appropriate behavior. This will end up resulting in unsafe and irresponsible consumption of alcohol like binge-drinking. The aim is to eliminate irresponsible drinking, not promote it and it seems by having the drinking age so high is what is causing this unsafe drinking behavior among young adults. In Europe, where the drinking age is lower there than here in the states, the consumption of alcohol is higher there, but alcohol abuse rates are higher here. Actions could and should be taken to promote safe and responsible drinking behavior among young adults, regardless if the drinking age is lowered or not. Even though we don’t want them out and about drinking, we shouldn’t deny the fact that they do and so just like Elizabeth M. Whelan mentioned in her essay, â€Å"The Perils of Prohibition,† they should be taught how to drink responsibly just exactly like how they are taught about safe sex. Parents hope their children aren’t engaging in sex at such a young age, but still take the precaution that they do and teach them safe sex. Just like parents sit down and have â€Å"the talk† with their kids, they can engage their kids the same way about underage drinking and how to do it responsibly. This all might sound convincing to some to be more lenient about underage drinking or even lowering the drinking age, but the statistics of alcohol related deaths and injuries amongst the underage don’t lie. Going back to Roan’s essay, â€Å"approximately 1,700 alcohol-related deaths†¦occur among college students each year in the United States. † The number is huge and the fact that it happens averagely every year is unacceptable. There are too many unfortunate events that occur among college students due to underage drinking like the story of â€Å"the 18-year-old [who] drank until he passed out, was dumped onto a couch and was found dead the next morning† that was mentioned in Roan’s essay. Or even the story in Whelan’s essay of the intoxicated student who placed himself into a chimney and was then found dead three days later by his fraternity brothers who were attempting to light a fire. The lack of enforcement of the drinking age could be left at fault for these tragedies or even â€Å"our failure to teach young people how to use alcohol prudently† as Whelan stated. The ultimatum is that young adults are dying because of their careless use of alcohol. It’s not just the fact that they do it, but it’s also the way they’re doing it. Binge drinking is a huge problem with young adults, in a survey mentioned in Roan’s essay, â€Å"over a third of college students admitted they had binged on alcohol at least once in the previous two weeks. † College students come to college with much more freedom then they ever had before and sooner or later are introduced to drinking. Most who start in college, see others have been drinking before college and develop the mentality of drinking for lost time to catch up with them. Unfortunately, in most cases leads to binge drinking. Binge drinking is very unhealthy and dangerous compared to moderate drinking, obviously. Careless drinking like this can lead to memory damage and even damage to learning capabilities. Though some may argue that lowering the drinking age will put more responsibility in young adults’ hands forcing them to act more mature and sophisticated about the idea, there’s proof that lowering the drinking age could make matters  worse. During the 1970’s when the minimum age for certain activities were being lowered such as voting, the drinking age was also lowered among more than half the states across the United States. After half a decade and, for some, ten years of experimenting, which is more than plenty of time, â€Å"16 states increased their minimum legal drinking age between September 1976 and January 1983† according to Traci L. Toomey’s , Carolyn Rosenfeld’s, and Alexander Wagenaar’s essay, â€Å"The Minimum Legal Drinking Age: Facts and Fallacies. Mentioned in Roan’s essay, â€Å"[since] then, traffic fatalities among drivers ages 18 to 20 have fallen by an estimated 13%, according to the national Highway Traffic Safety Administration. † Studies reported from the National Institute on Drug Abuse compared the years before 1984 and the current era being 2001 then found that â€Å"college students who reported drinking in the last month fell from 82% in 1980 to 67% in 2000. † Also in Roan’s essay was the statistic that â€Å"[in] 2007, the University of Michigan’s annual Monitoring the Future survey found that annual alcohol use by high school seniors has dropped from 77% in 1991 to 66% [in 2006]. It’s not merely just the decline of irresponsible drinking, but also the health risks of alcohol and the addiction towards it. Like mentioned before, alcohol can cause â€Å"damage to memory and learning capabilities. † Also, â€Å"teens who began drinking before age 14 had a lifetime risk of alcohol dependence of 47% compared with 9% for those who began drinking at 21. † â€Å"’Not all the evidence is on one side of the question,’ says John M. McCardell Jr. , former president of Middlebury College in Vermont and founder of Choose Responsibility,† quoted in Roan’s essay. â€Å"We’re not ignoring the science. There is science on both sides of the question. Yes, there might be a decrease in traffic fatalities among 18 to 20 year olds since the 1970s, but that could be explained in a number of reasons. â€Å"For example, the reduction in traffic fatalities may be credited to other safety measures, such as the use of restraints, better automobile design, improved hospital trauma care and stricter traffic laws, in addition to the lower drinking age, some studies suggest,† stated by McCardell in Roan’s essay. Solely just presenting possibilities, as for the decrease number of high school students who consume alcohol, the amount of binge drinking among college students has increased. From 1993 to 2001, rates show â€Å"binge drinking [has] increased the most (56%) among underage drinkers. † This statistic questions the one previously mentioned before in Roans essay of the college students who reported drinking in the past month fell from 82% in 1980 to 67% in 2000. Going back the alcohol dependence statistics in Roans essay about how teens who start drinking before 14 have a higher risk of alcohol dependence then those who began drinking at 21, this is merely a correlation survey. Correlation is not a cause and effect concept, therere many other explanations and factors that could be considered to why alcohol dependence lowers as the age rises. For example, a correlation of a selected group shows that the bigger the hand one has, the smaller the feet they will have. Thats simply not true to the general population, because you have big hands doesn’t mean you will end up with smaller feet. Also previously mentioned, it isnt the fact the underage drinking is going on, it’s the way underage drinkers are drinking. â€Å"What would harm a developing brain is repeated hangovers and blackouts and head trauma from falling. But if someone were drinking moderately from age 18, I haven’t seen any data to show that would have harmful effects in the long run,† says Brenda Chabon, associate professor of clinical psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Montefiore Medical Center in New York. If a young adult at the age of 18 â€Å"can drive cars, fly planes, marry, vote, pay taxes, take out loans, [smoke], and risk their lives as members of the U. S. armed forces,† it would make sense to be able to let them enjoy a beer at a bar top. Like Whelan said, â€Å"[today’s] teens are far more sophisticated than we were. They’re treated less like children and have more responsibilities then we did. This makes the 21 restriction seem anachronistic. † Just like driving and voting, those are responsibilities young adults take and hold. Giving young adults the privilege to drink can possibly result in a similar outcome. Going back to our European peers, the rate of alcohol related diseases are about the same here in the states compared to that in Europe. That comes to show how much the legal drinking age might not matter. That being said, back to McCardell, â€Å"[between] 13 and 18 [years of age], the effect is dramatic. But between 18 and 21 it’s visible but insignificant. What we ought to look at is not keeping 18-year-olds from drinking, it’s keeping 13-year-olds from drinking. † There’s hardly any evidence that moderate drinking among young adults causes any significant health damage. Their bodies are less developed then that of a young adult, matter of fact, their bodies are still developing. Our attention of underage drinking could maybe even be shifted to our younger teens instead of today’s underage young adults. Lowering the drinking age is not the only solution to solving these problem, but nor do the general public agree on keeping it at 21. Theres different solutions that could be worked out, introduced, and hopefully even enforced in the near future to create a safer environment for drinking. Ultimately, theres a huge problem when it comes to alcohol abuse and alcohol-related deaths among the underage adults. Theres no evidence that lowering the drinking age will solve these problems, but nor is there evidence that keeping the drinking age the way it is will make things any better. Just like Toomey, an associate professor in the school of public health, said in Roans essay, [proposals] to curb youth drinking should explore all solutions, not just lowering the drinking age. Theres other possible solutions like one proposed by the Choose Responsibility group founded by John M. McCardell, maybe 18 year-olds should be able to consume alcohol with parents and take a course that, upon completion, grants a license to purchase, posses and consume alcohol. Sort of the same concept and responsibility we privilege 15 and a half year-olds when it comes to driving. Solely just an idea at the moment, but proposed solutions like these could possibly be tested and maybe even added to the minimum legal drinking age laws if agreed upon.

Pressures of Finding Salvation Essay Example

Pressures of Finding Salvation Essay Chandler Hoffman Professor Turley Writing 150 Section 5 25 September 2012 The Pressures of Finding Salvation Langston Hughes’ story â€Å"Salvation† is one that raises many questions about his life and childhood experiences. Hughes patterns this story to portray the pressures that caused his faith to be lost. Hughes sat on the mourners’ bench waiting for God to save him but, due to these pressures, he chose to stand and pretend that he found his salvation. Pressure is the influences of outside sources that convince you to conform. Hughes undoubtedly felt pressured. He felt pressured to find truth. Hughes ironically lost his faith in God because of an extreme environment, high expectations, and an overly passionate caretaker. Churches are places of worship, and that is how Hughes’ church is in a very extreme and loud way. Praises to the Lord were shouted out at every moment and â€Å"Amens† were given in agreement frequently. Hughes states that, â€Å"Suddenly the whole room broke into a sea of shouting†¦Waves of rejoicing swept the place [and] women leaped in the air† to portray the enthusiasm and the energy that was flowing throughout the room (281). We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures of Finding Salvation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures of Finding Salvation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures of Finding Salvation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Specific words such as, â€Å"suddenly† and â€Å"rejoicing† show the quick emotional reaction of the church congregation. The environment he was in was capable of great pressure and power. The congregation of the church puts strong emotion into every move they make because of their passion and want â€Å"’to bring the young lambs to the fold’†(280). Hughes places this quote in his story to show how the minister sees them and how Hughes feels they are being treated. They are the â€Å"young lambs† and the â€Å"fold† is the church community and congregation. This congregation was a tight group inviting the children unto their â€Å"fold†. The pressure from Hughes’ environment was part of his downfall towards disbelief in Jesus. Hughes was facing positive peer pressure in a negative way. This means he was being pressured into something that was genuinely good, but it was poorly carried out. Expectations are set so high that any twelve-year-old boy is bound to fail. Hughes said, â€Å"My Aunt told me that when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! † (280). Hughes uses this background knowledge to show the expectations of his character and the anticipation that is given to him from his Aunt. Hughes’ Aunt was only trying to help for â€Å"[she] spoke of it days ahead† (280), but in such an extreme environment Hughes could only hope for his expectations to be completed. Auntie Reed was even supported in her claim by â€Å"many old people [saying] the same thing† (280). Much of the reason the reader can tell that the setting takes place in a very extreme environment is because of the figurative language Hughes uses to write. He tells of the church and how â€Å"the whole building rocked with prayer and song† (280). When he states that the building â€Å"rocked† he does not mean it literally rocked. He uses this word to describe the power of the sounds in the room. Another phrase that is used to show the realness that the congregation felt is when â€Å"some of [the girls] jumped up and went to Jesus right away† (280). They did not literally go running into Christ’s arms, this figurative language explains that to the congregation Christ was a real being standing close to them. Hughes states this because it causes one to believe that now, more than ever, he is wanting to gain the same feeling that these young girls have received. These girls were not the only ones who gave Hughes false hope. Auntie Reed was clearly a passionate woman, for she â€Å"knelt at [Hughes’] knees and cried†(281) hoping that he too would feel that same passion towards Christ. It can be inferred that she is the primary care giver of Hughes and raises him to her best ability. Their bond can be assumed to be very similar to a mother-son relationship. Common to most children, Hughes does not want to disappoint his caretaker. He explains himself as â€Å"a big boy of twelve years old† (281) and he thought of himself as mature young man. He gives his age in the beginning of the story, as well, to set the tone and inform the reader of the time in his life that he was currently in. Hughes states that â€Å"[his] aunt sobbed†(281) to show the great desire she had from him to feel the spirit of his salvation and of Christ. Auntie Reed is another example of how positive pressure can be formed into a negative way. Auntie Reed’s words, â€Å"‘Langston, why don’t you come? Why don’t you come and be saved? Oh, Lamb of God! Why don’t you come? ’†(281) ring throughout this short story. Her begging words are what drive Hughes to stand up. Children do not want to disappoint the adults in their life. Hughes places the image of Auntie Reed in the reader’s head to give the sense of emotion and tension. Imagery is used a lot by Hughes in this story. One can easily close his or her eyes and envision an enthusiastic Auntie Reed and the actions she was making while waiting for Hughes to start his own move from the mourners’ bench. Hughes uses words â€Å"ashamed,† (281) â€Å"shouting,† (281) and â€Å"ecstatic† (281) to show the emotion that he felt compared to the emotion that Auntie Reed and the congregation felt. Hughes desired to find his salvation just as equally as the congregation desired him to find it. Although lying is a sin, Hughes found a way that let down no one but himself. Hughes expected to feel the light of Christ when he arrived that night because â€Å"Every night for weeks†¦some very hardened sinners had been brought to Christ† (280) and he expected that same experience to grace him. Hughes sets the reader up with this background knowledge to give him or her the same hope that he might find his salvation. When that did not happen, he wept. That night, for the last time in my life but one†¦I cried. I cried, in bed alone, and couldn’t stop. † (281) He wept for the lie he told, he wept for the false hope he gave his Aunt, he wept because he let down himself, and for the fact that he did not see Jesus and therefore did not believe. Although we do not know what church this story takes place in, Hughes has made it a relatable event. Everyone in this wo rld is pressured, whether it is by friends, family, co-workers, teachers, or even parents, pressure is all around. The choice everyone has to make is whether or not to fall into the trap of this pressure. In â€Å"Salvation,† Hughes faces an extreme environment, high expectations, and an overly passionate caretaker which ironically lead to his disbelief in God. Hughes felt he had not seen Jesus, but the church’s community and environment as well as his Auntie Reed quickly pressured him into rising and deceiving the people he cared for most. That pressure that was put on Hughes led to his downfall and his disbelief in God and Jesus Christ. One then starts to wonder, can he have another chance at finding salvation?

Critical Essay - essays

Critical Essay - essays The novel "To Kill A Mockingbird" by Harper Lee is one which deals with important human issues. It is about the demise of a white lawyer's defence of a black man in a town steeped in prejudice, violence and hypocrisy, which resulted in the black man's struggle for justice. This essay will examine the different ways in which the theme of prejudice is shown and how the writer explores its significance. In the mid-1800s, when slavery of the blacks was abolished after the American Civil War, the blacks were seen as inferior to the whites in the South of the United States of America. in the early 1900s, when this novel was set in, the South still clung on to their old values and traditions. One way in which the theme of prejudice is shown is through racial prejudice. In the town of Maycomb, there is a clear detachment of the black and white community. The white children, Scout and Jem Finch and black caretaker Calpurnia visited together a black church but were rudely greeted, "I wants to know why you bringin' white children to nigger church." This vague greeting could have shown that the people of both races wanted to become detached, not just the whites. Another way in which prejudice is shown is through family groups and class division. Aunt Alexandra is aware of maintaining the name of the Finch family and therefore does not want Calpurnia to raise the children. She attempted to convince Atticus, "you have a daughter who's growing up to think of" but Atticus retaliated. She clearly is discomforted by the upbringing of the white children through a black woman. Finally, another way in which prejudice is shown is through certain individuals. Boo Radley, who was locked in his house for many years, is virtually unknown to the public. Therefore rumours are spread that he is psychopathic. Calpurnia explained to the children, "There goes the meanest man ever God blew breath into." Though there was no evidence to prove that he was, thi ...

Converting Text to Numbers Using VBA in Excel

Converting Text to Numbers Using VBA in Excel Question: How do I convert cells filled with character numbers to numeric values so I can use the values in Excel math formulas. I recently had to add a column of numbers in Excel that were copied and pasted from a table in a web page. Because the numbers are represented by text in the web page (that is, the number 10 is actually Hex 3130), a Sum function for the column simply results in a zero value. You can find a lot of web pages (including Microsoft pages) that simply give you advice that doesnt work. For example, this page ... http://support.microsoft.com/kb/291047 ... gives you seven methods. The only one that actually works is to retype the value manually. (Gee, thanks, Microsoft. I never would have thought of that.) The most common solution I found on other pages is to Copy the cells and then use Paste Special to paste the Value. That doesnt work either. (Tested on Excel 2003 and Excel 2007.) The Microsoft page provides a VBA Macro to do the job (Method 6): Sub Enter_Values()   Ã‚  Ã‚  For Each xCell In Selection   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  xCell.Value xCell.Value   Ã‚  Ã‚  Next xCell End Sub It doesnt work either, but all you have to do is make one change and it does work: For Each xCell In Selection   Ã‚  Ã‚  xCell.Value CDec(xCell.Value) Next xCell Its not rocket science. I cant understand why so many pages have it wrong.

Analyse a case-study of community radio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyse a case-study of community radio - Essay Example ed definition as embodied in its draft Community Radio Order (Ofcom, 2004), community radio is defined by the core elements that comprise it, as its actual definition differs from place to place. Based on its key elements, community radio: â€Å"is intended primarily to serve a particular community (either people who live or work or undergo education or training in a particular area or locality†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢neighborhood’, or people who have one or more interests or characteristics in common†¦ ‘community of interest’) â€Å"is not provided in order to make a financial profit, and uses any profit produced to secure or improve the service or for the delivery of social gain to members of the public or the target community; and These elements that comprise community radio render this service especially positioned to create unique benefits to the community, which have been recognized in Parliament during deliberations on the Communications Bill (Ofcom, 2004). These benefits include: training and work opportunities for the locality, contribution to local education, advancement of social cohesion, service to neighbourhood or interest groups, dissemination of knowledge about local authority and other services, establishment of access of local people to the project. These, in turn, foster a sense of truly belonging to a tangible community, imbibing residents in the locality with a sense of self-esteem, confidence and community pride. Invaluable is the exchange of ideas and the creation of a venue for voices to be heard, particularly those belonging to minority groups, who would usually have limited or no access at all to media (Gà ¼nnel, 2008, p. 87). While seen as competitors of each other because of overlapping citizenship, commercial radio differs essentially from community radio in many ways. Commercial radio is challenged by the need to maintain audience share vis-à  -vis other media, meet demands for targeted audiences, and simultaneously provide sufficiently mainstream

Classroom Instructional Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classroom Instructional Strategy - Essay Example Student uses his thinking, learning, and practical skills to follow a course of study or a lesson plan that is being implemented by the teacher. The term teacher's pedagogy is used to refer to the different teaching methods that a teacher will use. When a teacher determines the method of instructions there are a number of factors he or she has to consider these are: Another important aspect is the teacher's ability to deal with the different abilities of the students and the disabilities of the students. Sometimes the teacher has to do more than just teaching in the classroom that is going with students to field trips, supervise study halls, help in organizing school functions, and act as a supervisor in extra curricular activities. There is a possibility that a teacher while teaching might use a combination of some of these 13 ways. Though a combination might not necessary be more effective but in most of the cases it is. Another way a teacher can teach is by implementing every method not in the same class but in different sessions, meaning that in one session the teacher uses Lecture accompanied by a discussion and in his next session in the same class he can use Case Studies. As said before a combination would be more effective I will use a combination of method 2, 8 and 13. ... Another way a teacher can teach is by implementing every method not in the same class but in different sessions, meaning that in one session the teacher uses Lecture accompanied by a discussion and in his next session in the same class he can use Case Studies. As said before a combination would be more effective I will use a combination of method 2, 8 and 13. That is using Lectures accompanied by a discussion including feed back sessions and Presentation to explain things in a much a better way. Selected Teaching Method I choose these three methods due to a couple of reason. The first being that a lecture might be boring but in fact an effective listener can understand a concept much better when things are explained to him with examples during a lecture. Apart from this he can make notes while a lecture is being delivered, this helps a student in revising the matter he studied in the classroom. A discussion after the lecture makes sure in telling the teacher that how much the students learnt and what part was difficult for them. Feed back sessions not only tell the teacher how much the student has learnt but also help a student in realizing how well he or she is doing in a subject and what amount of effort he needs to put in the future. Presentations help a student in noting down important concepts of the course. Apart from this presentations help in teaching as it is said computer aided teaching has always been handy for a teacher as well as the student. Now I will discuss the advantages of these teaching methods and how must a teacher prepare for these methods. Lecture with Discussion This method makes sure that the students are involved in what is going on in the class, students can also raise questions and queries on things that they don't

The main problem of the study Essay Example for Free

The main problem of the study Essay This chapter presents the main problem of the study and some information surrounding the problem. It also includes the significance and scope and limitation of the study. Background of the Study Tobacco is one of the boosting industries in the world because of smokers. In the Philippines, cigarette is a major product which contributes much for the country’s economy. Smoker population worldwide has already reached 1.1 billion. Today, smokers are not just those who are aged 18 and above but also the high school students who start smoking at age 12. Almost all new smokers are children −3,000 teenagers start smoking every day. More than three million children under age 18 use tobacco products. Peer pressure, satisfaction, and curiosity are some factors that encourage a child to try smoking. It is hard to eliminate the use of cigarette in the world. Tobacco cigarette is being used since 1600s by Europeans. Read more:  Scope and Limitation Examples A cigarette is a small cylinder of finely cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper for smoking. It produces smoke that causes irritation to the nose of secondhand smokers. Nowadays, a new technology called Electric Cigarette also known as E-cigarette has been developed. It is an inhaler that vaporizes a liquid solution. It can be a replacement for tobacco cigarette for prevention of sickness. E-cigarette is also preferred by some teenagers because of its smell and different flavors. Most users of E-cigarette are those who have enough money because it is too expensive than the tobacco cigarette. However, long-time smokers still prefer the original tobacco cigarette. Even though cigarette is not highly recommended, it is still the number one drug in the Philippines. Statement of the Problem This research study will determine the facts about smoking focusing on the differences of tobacco cigarette to electric cigarette and its effects to  one’s body. Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is tobacco cigarette? electric cigarette? 2. What are the differences between the two in terms of: a. chemical contents b. effects to the body c. effects to secondhand smokers? d. effects to the environment? 3. How can the users or non users avoid smoking? 4. What are the possibilities that e-cigarette will be a total replacement for tobacco cigarette? Significance of the Study There has been a growing population of smokers from time to time. This study was created with the main objective of giving the researchers the difference between electric cigarette and tobacco cigarette. The results of the study would be a great help to smokers by having enough information on possible results of too much exposure to smoke and its effects to non-smokers.  For public health workers, result of the study would be useful because they can be a mode of disseminating pieces of information about smoking. In overall prospective, this study will contribute a greater understanding in relation to smoking. Scope and Delimitations This study is focused on determining the facts about smoking: e-cigarette and tobacco cigarette and its effect to one’s body. It is about the differences and some specific disadvantages. The researchers do not want to encourage nor to discourage the use of both products but would simply try to state the facts and let the readers decide for themselves.

What Should And Shouldnt Computer Be Allowed To Run :: essays research papers

What Should and Shouldn't Computer Be Allowed To Run Computers have always scared people. Not just because they can be confusing and hard to operate, but also because how they affect peoples everyday lives. What jobs should highly advanced computers be able to run? This question can involve ethics, privacy, security, and many other topics. What jobs can and can't we leave to the computer? As computers grow more and more advanced, not to mention complicated, so grows the number of job applications that can be filled by computers. But can we leave a job such as doctor to a highly advanced computer system? There are a great deal of moral issues involving that. What would happen if the doctor made a mistake? Could you sue the computer? What about the computer programmer? One error in the program could mean death for a patient. One job that I'm sure many people would give to a computer if they had the chance would be a lawyer. This eliminates the problem that occurs when someone with money is in trouble. They buy the best lawyer money can buy, but the person without any money cannot afford the great lawyers the other guy has. With this system, one single lawyer program could be provided to everyone so that the process of dispensing justice is much more fair. What about a judge and jury? Could a computer replace them? Is it right for a computer to pronounce sentence on an individual? Because computers don't have any kind of actual thought or will, some jobs would be perfect for computers. Security would be a good job for a computer to handle. People like their privacy and don't want to be watched over by someone all the time. If computers could tell if a crime is happening without a human to point it out, it might be alright to install these systems everywhere to detect crimes taking place without interfering with someone's privacy. I'm not talking about "Big Brother" from 1984, but something that would be fair to everyone. There is also the problem of changing jobs due to advancements in computer technology. There will be the same number of jobs available, but not at the same levels. More education will be needed for these new jobs. Computers might take away quite a few jobs from people doing manual labor on an assembly line, but at the same time, if something breaks down, there will have to be someone to come in and fix it.

Leadership Learning Journal Essay

As I reflect upon the readings of our text book and the leadership self-assessments I have learned a great deal about myself in regards to leadership. I have a lot of leadership experience but there are some areas I need to work on and improve. I’m not as resilient as I thought I was because one of the outcomes of the tests was that like most people I cope well with some type of adversity, but not others. Naturally I don’t agree with that outcome because I feel I handle almost everything but as I dig deeper into it and keep an open mind I can kind of see that. According to DuBrin (2010) most of my leaders have been transformational leaders based on the definition and the self-assessment results (p. 77). I’m a participative leader, with average situational perspective, have a high quality leader-member exchange, and works well by myself but also works well with others. Another trait that I learned I need to work on is I’m only average when it comes to the knowledge and skill to motivate others whereas I thought I excelled and continually motivated others. While reading the chapters we have so far and the various discussion boards I have learned that there are many ways to be an outstanding leader and that there isn’t really one style that works for everyone and all of the time. As a leader you have to consider the people your leading and what their abilities are when choosing the best style because a style that might have worked at your last company might not work at your next one. One of the biggest eye openers so far was when we had the discussion assignment on path-goal theory. I thought that there was no way that method would work. Boy was I dead wrong because when it was stated by Vandegrift & Matusitz (2011) that they conducted an analysis that applied the principles of path-goal theory to a renowned music recording company, Columbia Records and that this theory was used by them and was credited to their success I knew then that I had to stay open to any and all theory’s (p. 350). I don’t typically like to read other then article on sports but so far this course has been very informative and will help me in the future to hone my leadership skills.

Ethics in International Environments Essay

The different changes that are happening in the society greatly affect the norms and practices of people, especially those that are involved in the business sector. The existence of globalization has paved the way for business organization to expand their marketing operations outside their local countries and try targeting new consumers that are situated in foreign nations. However, in doing so, business organizations have to take into consideration the differences among nations, especially when it comes to values, beliefs, culture, legal system, and many others. In line with this, respecting and properly addressing the differences among countries also entails properly applying the decisions and business strategy of the company in such a way that it upholds business ethics. Business ethics refers to the applied or professional ethics that is used in order to identify the morality or rightness of a decision or action in ethical issues that arise in business organizations (Crane & Matten, 2007). In line with this, the case study of the British American Tobacco Australia (BATA) in marketing their Winfield brand in Asia should carefully consider the ethical implications of their market expansion to the welfare of the consumers in that part of the world and also the overall effects of it in the robustness of the company. Brief Summary of the Case Study The British American Tobacco Australia (BATA) is maker of Winfield, an Australian brand of cigarette. Winfield is available in countries such as: Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, UK, and Europe. The main competitive advantage of Winfield as compared with other brands is the reputation that it has wherein it boost quality along with the concept of ‘more for less’, without being regarded as a ‘cheap’ brand. The brand has showed strong financial growth starting from its launch in Australia and other international market place. However, the stricter tobacco advertising restrictions has made it difficult for the organization to market and communicate to the consumers in order to sell Winfield. Due to this, the organization decided to enter the Asian market because their tobacco laws are not as strict as compared with the United States and Australia. BATA wants to maximize the potential of the Asian market before it begins banning cigarette advertising and tobacco smoking. In order to expand in the Asian market, BATA has to practice the multi-domestic marketing strategy. The multi-domestic marketing strategy entails that business organizations have to tailor made a marketing standard that adheres to the culture and personal preference of the target foreign market of the company (Kurtz, 2008). In relation to this, business organizations also have the ability to maintain the standard quality of the product by making sure that despite the differences in the marketing strategy, it still adheres to the core value and objective of the brand (Kitchen & Schultz, 2001). Ethical Issues BATA has to address different issues when it comes to entering the Asian market. First, the organization has to identify as to what degree standardize policy on cigarette advertising and promotion has to be applied across borders. Second, BATA needs to find ways in order to establish a balance between ensuring ethical marketing activities and still gaining from the freedom of communication in some international market places. BATA has to reconcile whether a global marketing strategy or multi-domestic marketing strategy is the most effective marketing model that will benefit the organization (Kurtz, 2008). The organization has to face the ethical issue that comes with marketing and selling their cigarettes in the Asian market. BATA has to deal with the ethical dilemma that marketing Winfield in Asia might place the lives of people in danger because of ill effects of tobacco smoking. In addition, the organization also has to take into consideration the exposure of the marketing of Winfield to minors. Moreover, the reputation of the company should also be given utmost consideration because their image of giving quality products with a desire to give satisfaction to customers might be threatened by a wrong marketing move. Formulation of Alternative or Possible Solution In order to properly address the ethical issues that exist and others more that might arise, BATA has to analyze their decisions and actions through the Social Contract Theory (SCT). The Social Contract Theory pertains to a wide range of theories that try to explain the idea of how people willingly give a part of their right in order to form the state with the main purpose of ensuring social order. Every individual has their own respective rights, which they freely surrender a portion of to a higher authority usually the government, in order to prevent chaos and preserve order in the society (Crane & Matten, 2007). In the context of international business ethics, the Social Contract Theory allows the establishment of a framework that will help address the ethical issues in relation with Winfield. The Social Contract Theory solves ethical issue by means of the following: (1) establish core principles that are related to the organization; (2) provides recommendations for various communities; (3) examine the appropriateness of marketing practices; (4) enables the theoretical foundation of norms and values (Crane & Matten, 2007). Based on the Social Contract Theory, the possible solution entails BATA should identify specific and effective core value system for the organization. In order to properly identify the decisions and actions that the organization recognizes as ethical or unethical an outline of the core value system of the organization is necessary. Another important step is for the organization to implement the multi-domestic marketing strategy that will give importance to the specific preferences of different foreign markets. The organization has to tailor-made their marketing strategy to the needs of respective foreign countries. The appropriateness of the marketing practices of the organization should also be assured by means of establishing a separate department in the organization that will oversee that the marketing of Winfield adheres to the culture, preferences, and law of the foreign market it is being catered. Moreover, the norms and values of the company should be uphold by means of making marketing ads and other promotional materials that targets adults rather than minors. In addition, BATA should place warnings about the ill effects of smoking to the health of people in the very packaging of Winfield and also, in their marketing campaigns even if the law of the foreign country does not require such. BATA has to protect the reputation of the organization and one effective way of doing so is by effectively practicing corporate responsibility (Blownfield & Murray, 2008). The organization has to be mindful of their duties and responsibilities to their consumers and the society as a whole. Recommendation The Utilitarian approach to ethics is a kind of normative ethics that assesses the morality or rightness of action based on its outcome. In utilitarianism, a decision or action is ethical when it yields the greatest benefit for the greatest number of people (Crane & Matten, 2007). Based on utilitarianism, BATA has to give importance to the welfare of their consumers and not only the organization’s profit in order to make their business processes ethical. By means of establishing the core value system of the organization and also by making sure that the promotion of Winfield is focus on adults together with the corresponding health warning, BATA can be able to give the greatest benefit or happiness to almost all stakeholders that are involve. The organization will gain more profit and further develop their company by means of entering the Asian market. In addition, BATA’s greater corporate responsibility will further boost the reputation of the company. In the side of the consumers, they will have more variation when it comes to cigarette choices. The consumers are also properly informed by the company of the health risks of smoking, which will give them informed-consent on deciding whether they will smoke or not. References Blowfield, M. , & Murray A. (2008). Corporate Responsibility: A Critical Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Crane, A. & Matten, D. (2007). Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. New York: Oxford University Press. Kitchen, P. J. , & Schultz, D. E. (2001). Raising the Corporate Umbrella: Corporate Communication in the 21st Century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Kurtz, D. L. (2008). Contemporary Marketing. New York: Cengage Learning.

Ten Facts About the U.S. State of Oklahoma

Ten Facts About the U.S. State of Oklahoma Population: 3,751,351 (2010 estimate)Capital: Oklahoma CityBordering States: Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas and MissouriLand Area: 69,898 square miles (181,195 sq km)Highest Point: Black Mesa at 4,973 feet (1,515 m)Lowest Point: Little River at 289 feet (88 m)Oklahoma is a state located in the central southern part of the United States to the north of Texas and the south of Kansas. Its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City and it has a total population of 3,751,351 (2010 estimate). Oklahoma is known for its prairie landscape, severe weather and for its fast growing economy.The following is a list of ten geographic facts about Oklahoma: The first permanent inhabitants of Oklahoma are believed to have first settled the region between 850 and 1450 C.E. In the early to mid-1500s Spanish explorers traveled throughout the area but it was claimed by French explorers in the 1700s. French control of Oklahoma lasted until 1803 when the United States purchased all of Frances territory west of the Mississippi River with the Louisiana Purchase.Once Oklahoma was purchased by the United States, more settlers began to enter the region and during the 19th century, the Native Americans who had been living in the region were forcibly moved away from their ancestral lands in the region to the lands surrounding Oklahoma. This land became known as Indian Territory and for several decades after its creation, it was fought over by both the Native Americans who had been forced to move there and new settlers to the region.By the end of the 19th century, there were attempts to make Oklahoma Territory a state. In 1905 the Sequoyah Statehood C onvention took place to create an all Native American state. These conventions failed but they began the movement for the Oklahoma Statehood Convention which eventually led to the territory becoming the 46th state to enter the Union on November 16, 1907. After becoming a state, Oklahoma quickly began to grow as oil was discovered throughout several regions of the state. Tulsa was known as the Oil Capital of the World at this time and most of the states early economic success was based on oil but agriculture was also prevalent. In the 20th century, Oklahoma continued to grow but it also became a center of racial violence with the Tulsa Race Riot in 1921. By the 1930s Oklahomas economy began to decline and it suffered further due to the Dust Bowl.Oklahomas began to recover from the Dust Bowl by the 1950s and by the 1960s. Massive water conservation and flood control plan was put into place to prevent another such disaster. Today the state has a diversified economy that is based on aviation, energy, the manufacture of transportation equipment, food processing, electronics and telecommunications. Agriculture also still plays a role in Oklahomas economy and it is fifth in U.S. cattle and wheat production.Oklahoma is in the southern United States and with an area of 69,898 square miles (181,195 sq km) it is the 20th largest state in the country. It is near the geographic center of the 48 contiguous states and it shares borders with six different states. Oklahoma has a varied topography because it is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau. As such its western borders have gently sloping hills, while southeast has low wetlands. The highest point in the state, Black Mesa at 4,973 feet (1,515 m), is in its western panhandle, while the lowest point, Little River at 289 feet (88 m), is in the southeast.The state of Oklahoma has a temperate continental throughout much of its area and a humid subtropical climate in the east. In addition, the high plains of the panhandle area have a semi-arid climate. Oklahoma City has an average January low temperature of 26Ëš (-3ËšC) and an average July high temperature of 92.5Ëš (34ËšC). Oklahoma is also prone to severe weather like thunderstorms and tornadoes because it is geographically located in an area where air masses collide. Because of this, much of Oklahoma is within Tornado Alley and on average 54 tornadoes hit the state each year.Oklahoma is an ecologically diverse state as it i s home to over ten different ecological regions that range from arid grasslands to marshlands. 24% of the state is covered in forests and there is a variety of different animal species. In addition, Oklahoma is home to 50 state parks, six national parks, and two national protected forests and grasslands. Oklahoma is known for its large system of education. The state is home to several large universities which include the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University and the University of Central Oklahoma. To learn more about Oklahoma, visit the states official website.ReferencesInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Oklahoma: History, Geography, Population and State Facts- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108260.htmlWikipedia.org. (29 May 2011). Oklahoma - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma

Battle of Verdun in World War I

Battle of Verdun in World War I The Battle of Verdun was fought during World War I (1914-1918) and lasted from February 21, 1916 until December 18, 1916. The longest and largest battle fought on the Western Front during the conflict, Verdun saw German forces attempt to gain the high ground around the city while drawing the French reserves into a battle of annihilation. Striking on February 21, the Germans made early gains until increasing French resistance and the arrival of reinforcements turned the battle into a grinding, bloody affair. Fighting continued through the summer and saw the French commence counterattacks in August. This was followed by a major counteroffensive on October which ultimately reclaimed much of the ground lost earlier in the year to the Germans. Ending in December, the Battle of Verdun soon became an iconic symbol of French resolve to defend their country. Background By 1915, the Western Front had become a stalemate as both sides engaged in trench warfare. Unable to achieve a decisive breakthrough, offensives simply resulted in heavy casualties with little gain. Seeking to shatter the Anglo-French lines, the German Chief of Staff Erich von Falkenhayn began planning a massive assault on the French city of Verdun. A fortress town on the Meuse River, Verdun protected the plains of Champagne and the approaches to Paris. Surrounded by rings of forts and batteries, Verduns defenses had been weakened in 1915, as artillery was shifted to other sections of the line (Map). Despite its reputation as a fortress, Verdun was selected as it was located in a salient in German lines and could only be supplied by a single road, the Voie Sacrà ©e, from a railhead located at Bar-le-Duc. Conversely, the Germans would be able to attack the city from three sides while enjoying a much stronger logistical network. With these advantages in hand, von Falkenhayn believed that Verdun would only be able to hold out for a few weeks. Shifting forces to the Verdun area, the Germans planned to launch the offensive on February 12, 1916 (Map). The Late Offensive Due to poor weather, the attack was postponed until February 21. This delay, coupled with accurate intelligence reports, allowed the French to shift two divisions of the XXXth Corps to the Verdun area prior to the German assault. At 7:15 AM on February 21, the Germans commenced a ten-hour bombardment of the French lines around the city. Attacking with three army corps, the Germans moved forward utilizing storm troopers and flamethrowers. Staggered by the weight of the German attack, the French were forced to fall back three miles on the first day of fighting. On the 24th, troops of XXX Corps were compelled to abandon their second line of defense but were buoyed by the arrival of the French XX Corps. That night the decision was made to shift General Philippe Petains Second Army to the Verdun sector. Bad news for the French continued the next day as Fort Douaumont, northeast of the city, was lost to German troops. Taking command at Verdun, Petain reinforced the citys fortifications and laid out new defensive lines. On the final day of the month, French resistance near the village of Douaumont slowed the enemy advance, allowing the citys garrison to be reinforced. Changing Strategies Pushing forward, the Germans began to lose the protection of their own artillery, while coming under fire from French guns on the west bank of the Meuse. Pounding German columns, French artillery badly bled the Germans at Douaumont and ultimately forced them to abandon the frontal assault on Verdun. Changing strategies, the Germans began assaults on the flanks of the city in March. On the west bank of the Meuse, their advance focused on the hills of Le Mort Homme and Cote (Hill) 304. In a series of brutal battles, they succeeded in capturing both. This accomplished, they began assaults east of the city. Focusing their attention on Fort Vaux, the Germans shelled the French fortification around the clock. Storming forward, German troops captured the forts superstructure, but a savage battle continued in its underground tunnels until early June. As the fighting raged, Petain was promoted to lead the Centre Army Group on May 1, while General Robert Nivelle was given command of the front at Verdun. Having secured Fort Vaux, the Germans pushed southwest against Fort Souville. On June 22, they shelled the area with poison diphosgene gas shells before launching a massive assault the next day. French General Philippe PetainGeneral Robert Nivelle30,000 men (Feb. 21, 1916) Germans Erich von FalkenhaynCrown Prince Wilhelm150,000 men (Feb. 21, 1916) Casualties Germany - 336,000-434,000France - 377,000 (161,000 killed, 216,000 wounded) French Moving Ahead Over several days of fighting, the Germans initially had success but met increasing French resistance. While some German troops reached the top of Fort Souville on July 12, they were forced to withdraw by French artillery. The battles around Souville marked farthest German advance during the campaign. With the opening of the Battle of the Somme on July 1, some German troops were withdrawn from Verdun to meet the new threat. With the tide stemmed, Nivelle began planning a counter-offensive for the sector. For his failure, von Falkenhayn was replaced by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg in August. On October 24, Nivelle began attacking the German lines around the city. Making heavy use of artillery, his infantry was able to push the Germans back on the east bank of the river. Forts Douaumont and Vaux were recaptured on October 24 and November 2, respectively, and by December, the Germans had been nearly forced back to their original lines. The hills on the west bank of the Meuse were retaken in a localized offensive in August 1917. Aftermath The Battle of Verdun was one of the longest and bloodiest battles of World War I. A brutal battle of attrition, Verdun cost the French an estimated 161,000 dead, 101,000 missing, and 216,000 wounded. German losses were approximately 142,000 killed and 187,000 wounded. After the war, von Falkenhayn claimed that his intention at Verdun was not to win a decisive battle  but rather to bleed the French white by forcing them to make a stand at a place from which they could not retreat. Recent scholarship has discredited these statements as von Falkenhayn attempting to justify the campaigns failure. The Battle of Verdun has assumed an iconic place in French military history as a symbol of the nations determination to defend its soil at all costs.

AW3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

AW3 - Essay Example Additionally, the basic intention of this research is to offer a comprehensive overview of the key qualities and indicators of successful global IS, and an explanation of considerations that must be addressed when taking an information system to the global level. Global information systems could be described as information systems intended to gather, process, incorporate, communicate and evaluate the whole â€Å"body of knowledge† concerning to a specific field. Since, this type of information systems is used to support some application necessitating this knowledge in an â€Å"on-demand† mode through ultimate information quality evaluations (Rolland & Monteiro, 2002). According to Ouksel & Sheth (1999), the paradigm of global information system has the similar intentions and operational structure but having a completely different tasks as compared to geographic information systems. In addition, this type of information systems offers the context of worldwide setting, either for its development or utilization procedures. Additionally, these information systems are extremely concerned with distributed computing and distributed systems that can be located at global level. Since, through the current progresses in computer software and hardware technology, it is probable to develop the relational data management systems those can consistently uphold storage of huge amounts of information concerning to a specific field of science. Biehl (2007) stated that the novel interoperable is offering the ways of standardizing data communications that are based on the XML (i.e.: extensible markup language) technologies, advanced production software like that expe rt systems, as well as safe web based networks have produced extraordinary prospects intended for defining and establishing a new model of huge global information systems in science. Thus, the development of the global information systems has improved the scientific discovery procedures, knowledge communication and

Assignment 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

5 - Assignment Example People have intermarried reducing the pure generation that can claim to be Maori. Contrary, the Bushmen in Africa have not received significant changes in their social or economic lives, hence failing to realize the major benefits that come with technology. This paper presents an in depth comparison between the two communities based on the past and current technological developments, and in the general society. Keywords: Maori, Bushmen, San, Society, Indigenous People, New Zealand, Southern Africa, European Settlers, Urban, Rural, Technological Development, Population , Culture, Social, Economical, Historical, Agriculture, Communication, Education, Modern World Introduction Technology is the backbone of every society’s civilization and human development. It is used to make things easier, of more quality, and in increased quantity. Some eliminate human roles and interventions acting to reduce long term costs and saving time. Technologies have evolved over time, and are commonly used in different fields such as medicine, transportation, agriculture, food preservation, administration, industrial production and processes, military, education systems, and entertainment. All these have affected the human lifestyles and activities in one way or the other, depending on how accessible the technology is. Societies in developed nations like the Maori of New Zealand stand a better chance to access the technology, and change their ways of life compared to those in developing countries. Societies such as the Bushmen of Southern Africa have not had the opportunity to interact with most technologies, making them to lag behind in development and literacy. Impact of Technology on Contemporary Maori Society from Historical, Cultural and Social Viewpoints Cultural and historical viewpoint The indigenous Maori people spoke their te reo maori language, resulting to most named sites in modern New Zealand having names influenced by the original language and culture. Technology developments have brought changes in their language, due to migration to urban areas hence eroding certain senses of Maori identity. Along the 20th century and since the New Zealand gained independence in early 1900s, missionaries and the colonial government and its enacted policies stimulated cultural heritage disappearance, such that in the contemporary world, few Maori’s speak Te reo Maori (only 23.7 percent could hold a fluent conversation, majority being the older generation), while the majority from the community (Maori and non Maori) speak English (Lai, 2010). English has improved their communication with the rest of the world and enhanced learning. Today, besides the traditional weaving, carving, and art works, the Maori people have increased their literacy level, with numerous science courses and careers raising scientific knowledgeable workforce. More people now live in the urban areas hence separating from most traditional activities and losing historical ties with their cultures. Facial tattooing practices have become rare in the urban population, and most people do not understand their traditionally recognized clans or tribes. Their food and dressing style is more westernized, but local designers try to incorporate an aspect of their Maori culture with the changes in the technological products. Social viewpoint The Maori use computers to enhance their creativity, performing arts, in high level learning institutions, research, and organizational

Marketing Mix for U.S.A car market Chery Cars China Essay - 2

Marketing Mix for U.S.A car market Chery Cars China - Essay Example The analysis also recommended that Chery cars will have to adopt for a geocentric strategy as well as adaptive marketing mix while launching its brands in the US market. Chery has become seventh largest manufacturer of automobiles in China (Chery, 2014b). The corporation owned by the Chinese government and product portfolio includes passenger cars, minivans and SUVs (Chery, 2014a). The firm’s headquarter is in Anhui and is partnered with Qoros, since 2007. The automobile sector in USA is dominated by established vehicle manufacturers such as Ford, General Motors and Chrysler. Tough road conditions as well as high frequency of long travel among US customers have increased the demand for SUVs, MUVs and other large space vehicles. The USA car market sales were estimated at 15.6 million vehicles in 2013, a 7.6 percent growth over last year (Reuters, 2014). A pie-chart below will show the market share of top car brands in USA. Marketing mix can be described as tactics or actions used by a firm for promoting its product or brand in the market (Economic Times, 2014). The car manufacturer will have to opt for effective marketing mix strategies. A standarized marketing mix involves using similar branding and marketing approaches and selling similar products worldwide. However, adapted marleting mix is adjustments of marketing and selling strategies in different target markets with the objective of larger ROI and market sharee (Williams and Cutis, 2012). While the compnay has been following a majorly standarized approach in its home market as well as develoiped nations, Chery cars will be opting for both standarized and adapted marketing mix for USA market. The passenger cars are sold under the brand name Chery Marque and commercial vehicles are sold under the brand name Karry. At present, the company is not planning on changing the core product. Thus, a global localization strategy will be followed with the

Professional Relationships in Health and Social Care Context

Professional Relationships in Health and Social Care Context Developing and maintaining good relationships is central to improving outcomes for individuals and their families. The carers roles is to generate an atmosphere in which people feel their needs are being heard and understood. This requires truthfulness, sincerity and ability. (SCIE, 2010)Â   Whether with individuals, their families, carers or fellow professionals and colleagues, relationships should be based on openness, transparency and empathy.(SCIE, 2010) In health and social care there are many professionals and many of them having different roles. Some professionals, like pediatriacians, they knows how to treat children with diseases, there are dentist, who knows how to fill teeths, psycholist are knows about people feelings and they can help you, psychiatrist they are knows about peoples brain,and their behaviours, there are GPs who can prescribe medication if they think you are being sick, also there are social workers, carers, support workers, teachers, different doctors and terapheutic. These professionals are working in partenership with others because to be able to support and help people they must collaborate and work as a team. Good team work and appropriate communication will help to the vulnerable people,also is good because any work they do it can goes quicker and safer, because more people bring more ideas and more solution. In health and social care not everyone able to work together and these people must find the common word and work for the same purpose. Saving peoples lifes, heal them, or just heal their spirit is more than nothing, and thats why is very important to have professionals around us. In the Smart Care is very important to be professional, give the best service to the service users and everyone has to know about their roles. For example a new carer cannot give medication to a service user even if is emergency because they have not been trained, but a trained person can give. In our care we are working together with the GPs and also with the pharmacist and the closest dentist, also we are collaborate with therapeutics and psychologist because many of our service users are need professional support to be able to live their daily life, also carers are working together with the organisation and also with family members, but the most important and frequently relation are the carers because they are together each day and must support each other and concentrate to the work. Unfortunately this is not happening all the time, people are very poor in communication, they cannot explore themselves, they cannot help each other in a right way, because of the jelousy, and they are not honest with each other. The management of the Smart Care will do everything to support our staff and help them to become a good and an effective team and work in partnership with each individual. 3.2 Evaluate personal effectiveness in promoting and supporting the rights of the individual In the Smart Care is very important that everyone being trained and be professionals. Each carers and professional should know about heir roles their responsibilities. The Smart Care staff are responsible to support the service user rights and way they can do that is follow the organsiation procedures also follow the legislations. Collaborative working helps the service user rights. Human rights are the essential rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world. In the UK, these rights are contained in the Human Rights Act 1998. If a public authority breaches or doesnt respect your human rights, you can take action under the Act. The next rights are the most applicable when you obtain health or care services: the right to respect for private and family life the right not to be tortured or treated in an inhuman or degrading way the right to liberty the right to life the right not to be discriminated against. (citizens advise, 2017) The right to respect for private and family life When a service user want more privacy in a care home or when they are receive care services in their own home When a service user been placed in a care home where its difficult for them to see their family and friends When the service users are being handled roughly or are not well cared for by a home care woker. (citizens advise, 2017) The service user right not to be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment The service user been sufferes serious mistreatment, neglect or very poor care in a hospital or a care home Theyve been restrained or private because of mental health problems or aggressive behavior Theyve not been helped to eat or drink when they are too weak to feed themselves. Also the Equlaity Act is very important because nobody not allow to anti discriminate the service user, everyone should respect the service user culture, ethnicity , se, age and should be treated fairly. (citizens advise, 2017) 3.3 Discuss ways to resolve issues encountered in professional relationships Conflict arises from differences, both large and small. It occurs when people disagree over their values, motivations, perceptions, ideas, or needs. from time to time these differences come into view unimportant, but when a conflict triggers strong feelings, a deep personal need is often at the core of the problem. These needs can be a need to feel safe and secure, a need to feel respected and valued, or a need for greater closeness and intimacy.(Helpguide.org, 2017) In our organisation all staff should work as a team and our organsiation have this method to help our staff to be able to work together and provide a quality service to our client. For example: Acknowledge and own the upset before communicating with the other party or parties. Be clear about the reason for the conflict/upset. Be clear about what happened (know and present the facts). Be accountable for what you did (or did not) do to contribute to the conflict/upset. Recognize appropriate actions you can take to resolve the conflict. Communicate and have an answerable conversation with the other party or parties concerned. (Kline, 2013) References Social Care Institute for excellence, 2010, Professional Relationship Available online at http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/nqswtool/professionalrelationships/ Accessed on 10/01/2017 Citizens Advice, 2017, Protecting your human rights when you are using health care services Available online at https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/healthcare/discrimination-in-health-and-care-services/taking-action-about-discrimination-in-health-and-care-services/protecting-your-human-rights-when-using-health-and-care-services/ Accessed on 10/01/2017 Kline M., 2013, 6 Steps for Resolving Conflict in a Professional Relationship Available online at http://blog.cupahr.org/2013/10/6-steps-for-resolving-conflict-in-a-professional-relationship/ Accessed on 10/01/2017 Helpguide.org, 2017, Conflict Resolution Skills Available online at https://www.helpguide.org/articles/relationships/conflict-resolution-skills.htm Accessed on 10/01/2017

Looking for the :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Looking for the "I" Function among the Visual Processes; Contemplating its Character and Possibilities Oliver Sacks wrote a case study about a sixty-seven year old painter who lost his color vision as a result of a car accident. His vision was such that everything appeared to him as a black and white TV screen. After numerous tests his doctors could find nothing wrong with his eyes and concluded that he had a rare cerebral dysfunction form of achromatopsia caused by visual cortex damage. Mr. I, as Oliver Sacks called him, retained an awareness of where color should be. His color perception was replaced with a sharp acuity for tones of grey to a degree not known to color-sighted people or congenital color-blind people. He felt uncomfortable because he saw only "awful and disgusting" shades of grey where the color should have been. As an artist, his response to the loss of a fundamental faculty was to shun social and sexual intercourse, because everyone, including himself, looked like "animated grey statues". Food became disgusting because a black tomato suggested death to him. His awar eness of where the color should be because of all the grey shades and tones was so distracting that he began to try to surround himself with black and white-white rice, black coffee, ... even redecorating parts of his house in black and white (1). Recent research into visual perception has revealed that color recognition requires a minimum of three sub-systems to be functioning: Physical receptors (the retina cones), wavelength-sensitive cells (apparently located in an area of the brain known as V1), and a higher order color generating mechanism (located in the V4 region). These three processes need to work in harmony to yield the perception of color (1). Tests revealed that for Mr. I, the higher order color generating mechanism in V4 was not working. His other two processes were operating perfectly. Because of his two normal vision processes, Mr. I was able to judge variations in grey by the comparative wavelength of the reflected light without being able to see the actual color. Mr. I could also see textures and patterns that are normally obscured to those of us because of their embedding in color. Oliver Sacks puts it this way: "His brain damage had made him privy to, indeed trapped him within, a strange in- between state-the uncanny world of V1-a world of anomalous and, so to speak, prechromatic sensation, which could not be categorized as either color or colorless" (1).

Multimedia

Report on Holiday Resort Introduction of Multimedia â€Å"Multimedia can be defined as the technology engaging a variety of media, including text, audio, video, graphics and animation either separately or in combination, using computer to communicate ideas or to disseminate information. † Multimedia programming or multimedia authoring is the final stage of multimedia project production.The most Important phase of multimedia project design and development because the out put of the phase will be the finally render title that will reconsideration and redesigning ends with this phase. Creatures of Jurassic period though their time frame is unimaginable, are coming alive on the sliver screen with their huge roars and fusses. The Jet fighters seen to fly right above the heads in the new CD games and professional quality music is issuing out of the serious business.Multimedia is no more a fancy, but a mandatory. Multimedia Programming VISA Multimedia Authoring Multimedia authoring r efers to that process of developing a multimedia project, using specialized packages and utilities exclusively meant for this purpose. The developing of a multimedia project title, using PVC++ or developing a graphics editing footwear package like Paint Shop Pro can be called as multimedia programming. Developing a multimedia project title using Asymmetry's â€Å"Multimedia Tool box† can be Multimedia Authoring.Multimedia software project, using any typical programming environment/ Language or tool (mostly GU') and making use of various media files and integrate them. It doesn't demand expert programming skills or knowledge for project development. Step that precede Multimedia Authoring Process The final form of story board containing all interface designs, Nava Map structures and all the details-approved by the project leader should be ready. The media contents to be used in the Initial screens or frames like the background Graphics/ Digital Audio etc†¦ Just be ready. A s the Authoring process proceeds rest of the media contents can be developed. Decisions on which authoring environment / package to use have been finalized after all considerations. Authoring Methodologies Authoring tool, package, environment or platform uses some fundamental methodology, for developing the multimedia project. Some tools, even offer the flexibility to switch over from one methodology to another whenever the need arises. Frame or Page based Authoring Tools.Data Verification. The general content sequence developed in the earlier phase of multimedia project design, must now be rearranged to suit the multimedia application development environment. This process, specifically called ‘Mapping' or ‘Navigation Mapping result in what's called a â€Å"Navigation Map' or ‘Nava Map'. Linear Structure, Hierarchal Structure, Non- Linear Structure and Composite Media Content Design and Development Audio Eclipses, Graphics, Animation and Video Eclipses developed f or a particular project, can be called as media content.Audio vs.. Graphics, Animation vs.. Graphics, Video vs.. Animation and Video vs.. Graphics. Interface Design and Development Process The multimedia information, that's available in various forms, has to be presented in a amicable manner to the user. It's only with the help of interface design, that, one producer distinguishes his title from others because the nature of media content are almost the same – a few ‘. Wave audio files, ‘. Aviva' video files and many other bitmap graphics?the way in which they are presented, does the magic.Back Drops Buttons and Icons Story Boarding Techniques Story Boarding technique for developing animations, even during the Story Boarding stage itself, he may have the opportunity to express his authoring or programming problems, if any. Sometimes, a design or display methodology that seems to be the best option, may invite some troubles in programming, and in other case, the med ia overhead may well exceed the permissible limit.Delivery Design and Development The media, in which the project is going to be delivered, also forms a part of project design. Though, in most of the cases, the choice is limited to CD-ROOMS because of the sheer volume of the project material. In some rare cases wherein the size of the reject is small – without complicated video, animation etc. Even floppy disk can be used. Concerning Project â€Å"Holiday Resort† A resort is a place used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations.Resorts are places, towns such as Newport, Rhode Island or Switzerland, or larger regions, like the Adirondack Mountains or the Jersey Shore. A resort is not merely a commercial establishment operated by a single company, although in the late twentieth century this sort of facility became more common. Such a self- contained resort attempts to provide for all or most of a vacationers wants while engaging on the premises, such as food, drink, lodging, sports, entertainment, and shopping.Intend of project Resort is managed by Holiday Resort, an India based company whose head office is in Gujarat. Company started its operation in March 31, 2000. Our company provides all types facilities such as Casino, Games, Health & Beauty, Swimming, Golf, Restaurant, Meeting & Conference for attracting the visitors and entertainment them. Project Classification Holiday Resort multimedia project is a project that gives entertainment to the visitor's, they can enjoy there holidays by various types of motion provide by us.

Multiple Choice Test on Visual Basic

Question 1 2 / 2 points The ____ function displays an input dialog box, which is one of the standard dialog boxes available in Visual Basic.A)   InputBoxB)   DialogBoxC)   OutputBoxD)   ShowBoxQuestion 2 2 / 2 points A variable that has block scope can be used ____.A)   within the procedure in which it is declaredB)   only within the statement block in which it is declaredC)   within any statement blocks in the programD)   within any procedures in the programQuestion 3 2 / 2 points All expressions containing a comparison operator will result in a(n) ____ answer.A)   floating-pointB)   integerC)   true or falseD)   stringQuestion 4 2 / 2 points When using the  Select Case  statement, the data type of the ____ must be compatible with the data type of the  selectorExpression.A)   Case  expressionB)   Case Else  clauseC)   instructionsD)   expressionsQuestion 5 2 / 2 points The expression  1 To 5  in the  Case 1 To 5  clause specifies the range of numbers from ____.A)   2 to 5, inclusiveB)   2 to 4, inclusiveC)   1 to 4, inclusiveD)   1 to 5, inclusiveQuestion 6 0 / 2 points In situations where the selection structure has many paths from which to choose, it is often simpler and clearer to code the selection structure using the ____ statement.A)   Select CaseB)   Begin/EndC)   If/ThenD)   Do/LoopQuestion 7 2 / 2 points The ____ in a flowchart represents the multiple-alternative selection structure’s condition.A)   circleB)   diamondC)   squareD)   triangleQuestion 8 0 / 2 points If and for how long the instructions are repeated in a repetition structure is determined by the ____.A)   if conditionB)   loop exit statementC)   loop determinantD)   loop conditionQuestion 9 2 / 2 points ____ means to assign a beginning value to the counter or accumulator.A)   ImprintingB)   BaseliningC)   SelectingD)   InitializingQuestion 10 2 / 2 points To prevent a text box from accepting an inappropriate character, you first use the ____ parameter’s  KeyChar  property to determine the pressed key.A)   tB)   aC)   eD)   pQuestion 11 0 / 2 points To include two groups of radio buttons in an interface, at least one of the groups must be placed within a ____, such as a group box, panel, or table layout panel.A)   CaseB)   structureC)   containerD)   statementQuestion 12 0 / 2 points The number of choices the user can select in a list box is controlled by the list box’s ____ property.A)   SelectionItemB)   SelectionModeC)   SelectionVariableD)   SelectionQuestion 13 2 / 2 points A(n) _____ decision is always made by an outer selection structure.A)   dynamicB)   staticC)   primaryD)   secondaryQuestion 14 2 / 2 points You add a radio button to a form using the ____ tool in the toolbox.A)   RadioButtonB)   RadioC)   ButtonD)   RadioToolQuestion 15 0 / 2 points You use the ____ method to convert a string to uppercase.A)   UpperB)   ConvertUpperC)   ParseUpperD)   ToUpperQuestion 16 2 / 2 points You use the ____ keyword when you know only one end of a range (either the upper or lower end).A)   IsB)   AllC)   ToD)   FromQuestion 17 2 / 2 points A(n) ____ decision is always made by a nested selection structure.A)   staticB)   dynamicC)   primaryD)   secondary

The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay Example

The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay Example The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay The Nazi Government extensively used Propaganda to influence the German nation and to promote the views of the Regime. It was utilised with the aim of coaxing the people to think and behave in a specific manner. Propaganda was vital for the Nazis as it won the support that enabled them to gain power. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels were the main force behind the Nazi propaganda machine, they intended to keep the population satisfied and to win the support for their political policies. The key theme behind the propaganda was to indoctrinate the people with their Weltanschauung idea (view of the world or philosophy), seeking to turn them into committed members of their Volkgemeinschaft. Did the Nazis achieve their objectives? Did the propaganda prove to be successful? All propaganda was created by Goebbels and Hitler it was spearheaded through the Reich Chamber of Propaganda and Enlightenment of which Goebbels was in charge. The Nazi government used several different forms of propaganda so that they took every opportunity to influence the typical German. They used the media in the form of the press, radio and film. They contaminated culture with their ideas, using paintings, sculpture, architecture, theatre and literature. They held meetings and rallies and had particular Nazi festivals. They influenced the youth by introducing Nazi education and a youth organisation known as the Hitler Youth. Finally they attempted to create a religion known as the German faith movement which combined Nazi ideology with Christian beliefs. Apart from Volkgemeinschaft there were many other themes that the propaganda had intended to promote they were anti-Semitism (the hatred of the Jews), the Fuhrer or Hitler myth that is summed up by Germany is Hitler! Hitler is Germany! Other subjects were national solidarity, anti liberalism and anti left wing/ democracy. The features of the Propaganda used were its subtly it was always there but the individual didnt realise the influence it was having upon them. There was focus on each particular theme, it was enforced through constant repetition. They used different medium so it reached the whole nation. The message was simplified so the common German could understand it and the number of issues it advertised was kept to a minimum so it had a greater influence. As Goebbels the Reich propaganda minister said the finest kind of propaganda does not reveal itself; the best propaganda is that which works invisibly, penetrating into every cell of life in such a way that the public has no idea of the aims of the propagandists. It is the task of state propaganda so to simplify complicated ways of thinking that even the smallest man in the street may understand. The Nazis took strict control over the press; the centre for the Reich Press control had a list of all acceptable editors. In October 1933 it was made illegal to publish anything that would weaken the Reich. The press agencies would write half of the content of the newspapers, the other half was came from the press conferences. Press was basically state controlled; the press lost all its freedom of expressionism. In 1933 the Nazis only controlled 3 per cent of the press by 1939 that had risen to 69 per cent. Section four of the press law ordered editors to keep out of the newspapers anything which in any manner is misleading to the public, mixes selfish aims with community aims, tends to weaken the strength of the German Reich, outwardly or inwardly, the common will of the German people, the defence of Germany, its culture and economy or offends the honour and dignity of Germany. Radio became one of the most powerful tools of indoctrination; Goebbels described it as the spiritual weapon of the totalitarian state. In April 1934 the Nazis established a unified radio system. They purged all of what they described as hostile elements from the system. Probably Goebbels greatest propaganda asset was the production of the Volksempfanger (peoples receiver). It was a cheap small radio subsidised by the government and it only picked up one station. In 1933 7 million people owned one of these radios by 1940 16 million household were listening. To start with the radio was only for light entertainment. In 1935 the estimated audience was 37 million out of 70 million people. If a speech were about to be broadcast then a siren would sound all work would stop and mass listening would commence. Through technical devices such as the radio 80 million people were deprived of independent thought. It was thereby possible to subject them to the will of one man. Film was seen as a form of light entertainment and relaxation. During the 1930s as audiences increased Hitler began to realise that it could be used as a means of propaganda. In 1942 it was nationalised under the UFA. However it wasnt just domestic films that were controlled it was also foreign film that was restrained in particular a number of American Films were banned, because they promoted anti-social behaviour. Goebbels made himself personally responsible for each film, a film would be rewarded by money if it was supportive of Nazism and they were valuable to society. Leni Reifenstahl was Hitlers favourable Director. The two most famed films she directed were the Triumph of the Will released in 1935 and Olympia a documentary about the 1936 Berlin Olympic games. There were many films that promoted Nazi ideology such as the Eternal Jew, that referred to the Jews as a parasitic race, and Judd Suss about the hanging of a Jew. Film was used more for maintaining support for Nazism rather than converting people. One of the most effective ways of maintaining support was through mass rallies. Most of the participants would already be Nazi supporters, but their commitment would probably be strengthened through attending these rallies. Films of rallies might make non-participants feel they wanted to become part of such an impressive movement. The purpose of rallies like film was to improve and maintain support Goebbels described how rallies transformed a person from a little worm into a part of a large dragon. Much of the Nazi social policy was aimed at transforming peoples consciousness far more than their social position. A wide variety of schemes were devised to encapsulate the idea the idea of Volkgemeinschaft, working together, protected by the state. The DAF (German Labour Front) provided facilities for German workers. The peoples car scheme symbolised co-operation to help potentially anyone. The winter relief campaign and Eintopf (one pot meal) all illustrated the new sense of unity within society. The social policy was used to help keep the nation content so they saw that the Nazi Government was good for Germany. The Nazis were determined, through the Reich Chamber of Culture, to exercise control over all forms of culture, to apply it to strengthen their power and to include their values. After 1933 the arts were bound to serve as vehicles for the broadcasting of Nazi ideology, and to help fabricate the peoples collective mind. The arts are for the National Socialist State a public exercise; they are not only aesthetic but also moral in nature and in the public interest demands not only police supervision but also guidance. Painting was dumbed down so it could be easily understood by the common German. Heroic scenes, biological purity and athletic images that promoted the individual was used providing all sections of the community with an ideal. Artists had to have permission to paint and those that did not coincide with the Nazi ideals were prevented from painting or exiled. As a result art in Germany lost its individuality. Degenerate art was art that Hitler considered unacceptable basically any art that had no connection with Volkgemeinschaft and art that threatened to split society. As in all things, the people trust the judgement of one man, the Fuhrer. He knows which way German art must go in order to fulfil its task as a projection of the German character. Sculpture was used by the nazis as it was strong and was a long lasting way to promote the Aryan race all sculpture was changed so that it promoted Nazi ideology. A series of massive sculptural muscle men paraded on or in front of Nazi buildings, reflecting the biologically pure, vigorous Aryan race. Considerable use was also made of photographs. Hitler had an official photographer, Heinrich Hoffman. Key images were carefully stage-managed. Hitler practised expressions and poses before the camera. A series of photographs was widely reproduced, some as postcards, others inside cigarette packets. Of all the traditional arts architecture was viewed as the most artistic form of propaganda. Hitler described it as the word in stone. Buildings were experienced by large numbers of people, and could be constructed in materials that would last; they could thus represent the Thousand-Year Reich that the Nazis were building. The Nazis, like other parties had made considerable use of political posters during the democratic Weimar Republic. After 1933 they had a monopoly which was used to deepen support. For the Nazis education was particularly important. In the schools Nazi racial views were taught and textbooks in subjects such as history and biology were re-written. Teachers were required to join the Nazi Teachers Association and were continuously watched to ensure they followed the party rules by law the association was held responsible for the execution of the ideological and political co-ordination of all teachers in accordance with the National Socialist doctrine. Universities were placed under control of government appointed rectors and academics were not willing to toe the Nazi line were forced out. The Hitler youth was a form of propaganda. It allowed Hitler to infiltrate every aspect of young peoples lives, to always be there. It was the fun of activities and sports, social activities, that held the true appeal of the Hitler youth to the young, not the military practices and exercises that were endlessly drilled into them. All youth movements were absorbed into the Hitler youth, which boys joined at the age of 14. The boys were indoctrinated with the nationalist and racist ideas. They took an oath to Hitler as saviour of our country and were taught to look forward to a future role in the military service. The parallel girls organisation the League of German Maids, prepared girls to serve the state as wives and mothers. Many Christians initially welcomed the Nazis in preference to the ungodly Weimar Republic. This encouraged Hitler to attempt to bring he church under Nazi control by amalgamating the 28 provincial Churches into a Reich Church under a Reich Bishop, Muller. The Nazification of the Reich Church, which attempted to combine Christianity with anti-Semitism and Fuhrer-worship, resulted in a split and emergence of the Confessional Church, led by Pastor Niemoller. This was banned in 1937 and Niemoller and some hundreds of other Pastors were sent to concentration camps. The relevance of how successful propaganda was at reaching people is that it would be true to say that if it had reached people, if it had influenced peoples thought in a way beneficial to the rise of the Nazi party, therefore it had reached its primary aim. If it was successful then it is a credible explanation as to why the Nazis did gain power, through its constant repetition and its means of a way of creating a terror state. Effectively brain wash the nation in to believing that their ideals were right. Propaganda was used in its greatest effect to affect every German person in at least some small way. Propaganda helped the rising Nazi party earn a stronger foothold in the consciousness of peoples thoughts, earn a vote, earn support. However it was not entirely successful as there was fierce opposition to the Nazi movement we see in the example of the Christian Church and the dissenting Confessional Church from the newly created Reich Church. Also there was the Edelweiss Pirates which was a youth movement set up to counteract the Hitler Youth the slogan of this movement was Were going to get rid of Hitler and he cant do a thing. In this opposition we see a failure of propaganda because it shows that it was not influential enough to control these groups opposed to Nazism. It is very difficult to actually gauge the success of Nazi propaganda no market research was conducted to collect results there is no accurate way of measuring the success. If there had been polls conducted, the results would have shown exactly what Goebbels and Hitler wanted people to think, this was achieved by making sure that only certain things were safe to think and more importantly safe to say. In general Nazi propaganda was most successful where it could play traditional prejudices and values of German middle class society, upon issues such as nationalism, anti-socialism, family values But where the regime opposed traditional loyalties, it was far less successful, most obviously in the case of the Churches, also amongst the German working class. We can see that the propaganda must have been influential amongst the German people. It helped the Nazis gain support of the middle class in particular. The nation seemed to be united under Hitler or was that the image portrayed by the Goebbels propaganda machine? The Nazis did achieve some of their objectives through propaganda especially support for their political policies. The only indication we have of success is in the fact that the Nazis gained sufficient support in order for them to be democratically elected into a government which they later destroyed. As Goebbels said in 1934 Propaganda was our sharpest weapon in conquering the state, and remains our sharpest weapon in maintaining and building up the state. Propaganda was the Nazis main weapon and in the evidence we have of election results, support and little opposition the Nazi propaganda machine did succeed in achieving its objectives and therefore was largely successful.